学龄前儿童龋病的相关因素及预防保健状况  

The related factors and preventive health care status of caries in preschool children

作　　者：宁海燕 

机构地区：[1]海南省海口市第四人民医院口腔科,571100

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2014年第16期2535-2537,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：中国高校医学期刊临床专项资金项目〔编号:11321111;备注码:GRTVQ7HC〕

摘　　要：目的：分析学龄前儿童龋病的患病情况,探讨其发病的相关影响因素,为龋病预防保健工作提供依据。方法：对2009年1月-2013年9月某社区所在幼儿园3-6岁学龄前儿童进行龋病调查,将3-6岁儿童分为3个层次,每个年龄层按照等距抽样原则抽取200名儿童进行调查。问卷调查表包括儿童生活习惯、口腔卫生及家庭因素等内容。掌握3-6岁学龄前儿童龋病的患病率情况,并分析与龋病相关的影响因素。结果：600例学龄前儿童,患龋病246例（41.0%）,未患龋病354例（59.0%）,其中3-4岁患龋病68例（34.0%）,未患龋病132例（66.0%）,4-5岁患龋病80例（40.0%）,未患龋病120例（60.0%）。5-6岁患龋病98例（49.0%）,未患龋病102例（51.0%）,各年龄组儿童患龋率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且各年龄组发病率呈上升趋势;喜食甜食、喜食碳酸饮料、每日刷牙次数至少2次、定期检查牙齿及母乳喂养是患龋病的主要因素,上述因素在两组间有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：学龄前儿童患龋病率较高,患龋病率随年龄的增大而呈上升的趋势。要针对患龋病相关因素采取针对性的预防保健措施,加强口腔卫生知识宣传并定期查治,同时推广和指导学龄前儿童正确刷牙方法,养成保持口腔卫生的习惯。Objective： To analyze the prevalence of caries in preschool children,explore the related influencing factors,and provide a basis for preventive health care of caries. Methods： Caries investigation was performed in 3- 6- year- old preschool children from kindergartens of a community from January 2009 to September 2013,all the preschool children were divided into three levels,200 children were selected from each age level according to the principle of systematic sampling,then a questionnaire investigation was conducted,the contents included living habits,oral health and family factors. The prevalence rate of caries in 3- 6- year- old preschool children and the related influencing factors of caries were analyzed. Results： Among 600 preschool children,246 preschool children（ 41. 0%） were diagnosed as caries,and 354 preschool children（ 59. 0%） were not found with caries; among 3- 4- year- old preschool children,68 preschool children（ 34. 0%） were diagnosed as caries,132 preschool children（ 66. 0%） were not found with caries; among 4- 5- year- old preschool children,80 preschool children（ 40. 0%） were diagnosed as caries,120 preschool children（ 60. 0%） were not found with caries; among 5- 6- year- old preschool children,98 preschool children（ 49. 0%） were diagnosed as caries,102preschool children（ 51. 0%）were not found with caries; there was statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of caries among the children in different age groups（ P〈0. 05）,and the incidence rates of caries showed an increasing trend; eating sweets,liking carbonated drinks,times of brushing teeth at least two times,regular dental examination and breastfeeding were main factors of caries,there were statistically significant differences in the above- mentioned factors between the two groups（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： The prevalence rate of caries in preschool children is relatively high,increasing with age; corresponding preventive health care measures should be taken according to the r

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 龋病 相关因素 预防保健 

分 类 号：R788[医药卫生—口腔医学]