稠油沥青质的基本化学组成结构与缔合性研究  

STUDY ON BASIC CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND ASSOCIATION OF ASPHALTENE IN HEAVY OIL

作　　者：张庆[1] 邓文安[1] 李传[1] 吴乐乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)重质油国家重点实验室,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2014年第6期20-25,共6页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

基　　金：青岛经济技术开发区科技发展计划项目(T1104083)

摘　　要：从4种不同稠油中分离沉淀出正戊烷沥青质,用红外光谱表征了其官能团结构,用1 H-NMR结合相对分子质量及元素分析测定了沥青质的基本结构参数,并得出了沥青质的平均分子式,同时测定了沥青质的偶极矩来表征其极性。研究结果表明:稠油沥青质分子中杂原子的存在使其含有较多的极性基团,沥青质具有较大极性。杂原子含量越高,其极性越大,缔合性越强,缔合数越高。此外,用两种方法计算了沥青质的分子直径,结果表明:相对分子质量越大时,沥青质分子尺寸越大,但特性黏度法测得的分子直径与其选用的溶剂有关,且关联出的分子直径偏大,而相对密度和相对分子质量法能较好地反映分子颗粒尺寸。Four kinds of asphaltenes were obtained from four different heavy oils with n-pentane as solvent.Their functional structures were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,and the basic structural parameters of the asphaltenes were determined by 1 H-NMR,then the average molecular formula of the asphaltene were given by molecular weight and element content.The dipole moments were also measured to indicate the polarities of the asphaltene molecules.The results show that the presence of heteroatom in asphaltene makes the asphalt form the polar groups with high polarity,and the higher the content of impurity atoms,the greater the polarity,the stronger the association,the higher the association numbers.In addition,molecular diameters were measured by two methods：intrinsic viscosity method,and relative density and relative molecular mass method.With the increase of relative molecular mass,the molecular size of asphaltene becomes larger.However,the molecular diameter measured by viscosity method is related to the selected solvents and usually is larger than the size obtained by relative density and relative molecular mass method,and the latter method can well reflect the molecular size.

关 键 词：稠油 沥青质 结构 缔合性 分子直径 

分 类 号：TE626.86[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]