安徽某铁矿排土场废矿石中细菌群落分子生态学研究  

Molecular research of acidophilic bacteria in abandoned ores in waste dump of an iron mine in Anhui Province

作　　者：王丽华[1,2] 郝春博[1,2] 李思远[1,2] 王广才[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2014年第4期199-209,共11页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2652012028;2652013100);北京高等学校青年英才计划项目

摘　　要：采集了安徽某铁矿排土场酸水库周边不同类型的废矿石样品,分析了样品的物理化学性质,进而用分子生物学方法对比研究了样品中嗜酸菌群落组成及物理化学参数对群落结构的影响。结果表明,所采4个废矿石样品均呈强酸性,pHKCl均在3.0以下,并含有大量的金属离子和硫酸根阴离子,而有机质含量很低。总的来说,风化废矿石样品(KB和PD)比根际样品(WJ和GY)的物理化学条件更为严酷。样品中的细菌分属15个细菌类群,其中7个类群在4个样品中都有分布。经聚类分析发现,无论是物理化学参数还是细菌群落组成,都是风化废矿石样品聚为一个分枝,而根际样品聚为另一个分枝,说明物理化学条件对细菌群落组成有着决定性的影响。4个样品的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均显示,根际废矿石样品比风化废矿石样品细菌多样性高。各种物理化学参数对样品细菌群落的多样性影响不一样,pH和有机质含量与细菌多样性呈正相关关系,而硫酸根和磷与细菌多样性呈负相关关系。酸杆菌门细菌在所有4个样品中都占有很高的比例,它们在废矿石生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中发挥着重要的作用。The abandoned ore samples were collected in waste dump of an iron mine in Anhui Province.After analyzing the main physicochemical characteristics,the acidophilic bacteria community of the four samples was compared through the molecular ecological methods,and then the impacts of the physicochemical parameters on the community structure were studied.The results showed that the four samples were strongly acidic and pHKClof every sample was below 3.0.The samples contained high concentration of metal ions and sulfate anion while the content of organic matter was very low.Generally,the environmental conditions of the two weathering waste ore samples（KB and PD）were harsher than those of the two rhizosphere samples（WJ and GY）.The acidophilic bacteria in the samples belonged to 15phyla,seven of which were ubiquitous in all four samples.Sample KB and PD grouped together in the cluster tree based on physicochemical parameters while the rhizosphere samples WJ and GY formed another separate branch.The result of acidophilic community composition was the same as the physicochemical parameters,which illustrated that the geochemical conditions had important impacts on the microbial community structure.Both Shannon indices and Simpson indices suggested that the rhizosphere samples had higher biodiversity than the weathering ores.Physicochemical parameters had different impacts on the biodiversity of the samples,and pH as well as organic matter content had positive correlation to the biodiversity.On the contrary,relationship between sulfate as well as P and biodiversity was negative.Acidobacteria accounted for high percentages in all four samples and they play a great role in the matter cycle and energy flow in the waste ore ecosystem.

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 废矿石 嗜酸菌 酸杆菌门 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X705