表观遗传跨代继承表型研究进展  

Research progress of epigenetic transgenerational phenotype

作　　者：马克学[1] 马克世[2] 席兴字[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,新乡453007 [2]周口师范学院生命科学系,周口466000 [3]新乡学院教科系,新乡453003

出　　处：《遗传》2014年第5期476-484,共9页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：河南省教育厅自然科学研究计划项目(编号:2011B180031);河南省青年骨干教师项目(编号:2011GGJS-163)资助

摘　　要：表观基因组在配子发生和早期胚胎发育中经历一个重编程过程。因此,人们认为表观遗传信息不可能代间传递。表观遗传跨代继承表型的出现,说明某些表观遗传标志可能逃脱了重编程。尽管该观点尚存争议,但日益增多的实验证据表明表观遗传记忆确实存在于哺乳动物中。由于表观遗传修饰具有可逆性,表观基因组易受各种环境因子(如化学物质、营养和行为等)的影响而改变。因此,表观基因组提供了跨代传递环境影响的可能机制。文章介绍了表观遗传跨代继承表型的概念,论述了表观遗传重编程和表观遗传信息跨代传递的分子机制,列举了一些环境因子与表观遗传跨代继承性疾病。The epigenome undergoes a reprogramming process during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis. Therefore, it is believed that epigenetic information cannot be transmitted across generations. However, the occurrence of epigenetic transgenerational phenotype suggests that certain epigenetic marks may escape reprogramming. Although the existence of such a mode of inheritance has been controversial, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic memory does occur in mammals. Due to the reversibility of epigenetic modification, the epigenome is easily changed by a variety of environmen-tal factors, such as chemicals, nutrition and behaviour. Therefore, it provides a potential mechanism for the transgenerational transmission of the impact of environmental factors. The purpose of this review is to introduce the concept of epigenetic transgenerational phenotype, to discuss the epigenetic reprogramming and the molecular mechanism of epi-genetic transgenerational transmission, and to list some environmental factors that are associated with epigenetic transgenerational diseases.

关 键 词：表观遗传 跨代继承表型 生殖细胞 重编程 环境因子 

分 类 号：R394[医药卫生—医学遗传学]