中国海域两种大型食用水母利用状况分析及沙海蜇资源量评估  

On utilization of two edible macro-jellyfish and evaluation of the biomass of Nemopilema nomurai in China Sea

作　　者：李建生[1] 凌建忠[1] 程家骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所、农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2014年第3期202-207,共6页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303047);农业部东海区渔业资源动态监测专项

摘　　要：依据渔业统计资料和渔业资源监测数据,对海蜇（Rhopilema esculentum）和沙海蜇（Nemopilema nomurai）两种大型食用水母的利用状况进行了分析,并对沙海蜇的年间数量变动趋势进行了研究和评估.结果表明：20世纪80年代中期和90年代末期为海蜇的产量高峰期,1998年产量最高达43×10^4 t,21世纪以来出现持续下降趋势,近年来的年产量在20×10^4 t左右.随着近年来沙海蜇的持续爆发,该种类也成为主要的食用水母.根据近5年的监测结果,沙海蜇的年捕捞产量波动范围（11.03 ～55.22）×10^4 t,年平均产量28.63×10^4 t,呈现持续增加的趋势;东海区的年产量维持在10×10^4 t左右;黄渤海的年产量持续增加,2013年已达40×10^4 t以上.评估结果显示,2013年中国海域的沙海蜇资源量为266.75×10^4 t.目前,大型食用水母利用的主体已经由海蜇转变为沙海蜇,沙海蜇的利用水平为其资源量的1/5左右,有加大开发利用的潜力.针对海蜇资源衰退和沙海蜇资源量较大的现实,今后应该继续加强海蜇的增殖放流工作,加大捕捞外海沙海蜇的强度,继续加强食用水母的资源监测工作.Utilization of two edible macro-jellyfishes of Rhopilema esculentum and Nemopilema nomurai and annual changes of biomass of Nemopilema nomurai based on data of fishery statistics and fishery resources monitoring were evaluated. Results showed that the production peak of Rhopilema esculentum was in the mid- 1980s and late 1990s and showed a sustained declining trend since the 21st century in China. The highest annual yield was 43× 10^4t in 1998 and the annual production was about 20 × 10^4 t in recent years. With the continuing outbreaks in recent years, Nemopilema nomurai has become a major edible species of jellyfish. According to monitoring results of the past five years, the current annual production of Nemopilema nomurai ranged from 11.03 × 10^4 to 55.22× 10^4 t, the average annual yield 28.63× 10^4t, which showed a continuous increasing trend. The fishing output maintained at about 10 × 10^4t in the East China Sea region. The production showed sustained increase in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea and reached 40 × 10^4 t in 2013. Evaluation results showed that the biomass of Nemopilema nomurai reached 266.75 × 10^4 t in 2013 in China Sea waters. Currently, the main body of utilization of edible macro-jellyfish has transformed from Rhopilema esculentum to Nemopilema nomurai. The utilization level was about 1/5 for the amount of resources of Nemopilema nomurai and there was huge potential to speed up the development and utilization. For the reality of Rhopilema esculentum recession and biomass of Nemopilema nomurai was very large, we should continue to strengthen releasing work of Rhopilema esculentum and increase the fishing intensity of Nemopilema nomurai off the coast and continue to strengthen monitoring on edible macro-jellyfish.

关 键 词：大型食用水母 利用 沙海蜇 资源量 评估 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]