美国禁止容貌歧视的立法与实践及其对中国的启示  

Legislative and Judicial Practices against Discrimination Based on Appearance in the USA and Their Implications to China

作　　者：王彬[1] 潘金文[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200240

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2014年第3期84-90,共7页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

摘　　要：容貌歧视在就业中广泛存在,但在中国尚没有被法律明令禁止。美国是反就业歧视较为先进的国家,但除部分司法管辖区明确立法禁止就业容貌歧视外,美国联邦成文法律亦未将就业容貌歧视明令禁止。美国联邦司法实践主要通过将容貌附加于《民权法案》第7章禁止的就业性别歧视和种族歧视、《联邦残疾人法》禁止的就业残疾歧视来间接规制就业容貌歧视。借鉴美国这种"隐含性的"的曲线救济路径,将容貌歧视的救济与《就业促进法》明令禁止的民族歧视、种族歧视、性别歧视以及残疾歧视相结合加以保护,是中国对就业容貌歧视救济的现实可行之道。China has not adopted to this day laws to address the wide existence of discrimination in employment based on appearance. The USA is a more progressive country in the fight against discrimination in employment. Although there are states that have adopted legislation to prohibit discrimination based on appearance, there are no similar statutory laws at the federal level. In practice, the US Federal courts mainly treat discrimination in employment based on appearance by observing Article Ⅶ,of the Civil Code, on discrimination based on gender and race and the Americans with Disabilities Act, and/or the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Using the implicit and indirect route to address discrimination based on appearance in US as an example, it is viable to tackle discrimination based on appearance in China under the Employment Promotion Law, which prohibits discrimination in employment based on ethnic, racial, sexual, and religious status and under the Protection of Disabled Persons, which forbids discrimination based on disabilities.

关 键 词：容貌 歧视 救济 

分 类 号：DF982[政治法律—国际法学]