哈尔滨市初中生营养状况与生活方式现状  

Status of nutrition and lifestyle among junior middle school students in Harbin

作　　者：郭琳[1] 陈素芬[1] 朱世璐 李昱 刘永昆[1] 崔岳崇 庄婧誉[1] 张慧颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室,黑龙江150081 [2]哈尔滨市第十七中学 [3]哈尔滨市复华小学

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2014年第4期484-486,489,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解初中生超重、肥胖、营养不良状况及其与生活方式的关系,为青少年不良生活方式的改善及营养状况异常的早期预防提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,在哈尔滨市3所初中的初一至初三年级中各随机抽取2个班级的学生共852名作为调查对象。采用健康促进生活方式问卷（HPLP）-Ⅱ进行问卷调查,并收集所有调查对象的体检数据。结果 11~13岁在校学生中,营养不良、超重及肥胖的检出率分别为5.1%,16.2%和18.7%,男生分别为4.7%,18.0%和24.3%,女生分别为5.7%,14.1%和12.4%;男生肥胖检出率显著高于女生（χ2=19.711,P〈0.05）。生活方式的各维度得分中,健康意识得分最低,人际关系得分最高。男生人际关系、健康意识得分均低于女生,而饮食营养和体力活动得分高于女生（P值均〈0.05）。体质量指数正常组的健康意识得分高于营养不良组、超重组和肥胖组,营养不良组的饮食营养得分低于正常组;超重组和肥胖组的饮食营养得分均高于正常组,体育活动得分低于正常组（P值均〈0.05）。相关分析显示,体质量指数与饮食营养呈正相关,而与体力活动和健康意识呈负相关（P值均〈0.05）。结论初中生超重、肥胖发生率较高,营养不良得到大幅度改善,营养状况异常与健康意识、饮食营养和体育锻炼有统计学关联。在制订学生营养状况干预计划时,必须充分考虑生活方式的特点。Objective To investigate lifestyle characteristics among children with different nutritional status in Harbin to provide a theoretical basis for healthy lifestyle intervention. Methods Randomized stratified clustering was adopted to select three junior schools in Harbin,students from 2 classes in each grade from grade 1 to grade 3 were selected. Chinese version of HPLP-II was conducted. Body mass index（ BMI） was calculated by height and weight from health examination database. Totally 852 students（ 449 were boys and 403 were girls） aged 11 to 13 years were included into the analysis. Results The prevalence of malnutrition,overweight and obesity in 11-13 years old students were 5. 1%,16. 2% and 18. 7%,respectively（ boys were 4. 7%, 18. 0% and 24. 3%; girls were 5. 7%,14. 1% and 12. 4%）,with boys higher than girls（ χ2= 19. 711,P ＆lt; 0. 05）. Among all lifestyle factors,the lowest and the highest score were health consciousness and interpersonal relationship respectively,with female higher than male（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）. Male scored higher in nutrition and physical activity than female（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）. Health consciousness score in normal group was higher than that in malnutrition group,overweight group and obese group. The nutrition score was lowest among malnutrition group,followed by normal,overweight and obese group. The score on physical activity in overweight group and obese group were lower than that in normal group（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）. Conclusion Though malnutrition has been greatly improved,there is still high incidence of overweight and obesity among 11-13 years old students. Lifestyle factors should be considered when making nutritional intervention plan.

关 键 词：营养状况 生活方式 学生 

分 类 号：F036.5[经济管理—政治经济学] R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]