地表水水环境容量计算方法回顾与展望  

Calculation methods of water environmental capacity of surface waters: Review and prospect

作　　者：董飞[1,2] 刘晓波[1,2] 彭文启[1,2] 吴文强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100038 [2]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《水科学进展》2014年第3期451-463,共13页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51209230);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07501-004)~~

摘　　要：为厘清中国地表水水环境容量计算方法演变历史,探讨计算方法发展趋势,在系统调研大量水环境容量研究文献基础上,详细梳理水环境容量从概念引入到研究至今的过程,归纳出中国地表水水环境容量研究过程中产生的五大类计算方法:公式法、模型试错法、系统最优化法(线性规划法和随机规划法)、概率稀释模型法和未确知数学法。解析了各类方法的基本思路、产生过程及应用进展,评述了各类方法的优缺点及适用范围。通过与国外水环境容量计算方法的比较,基于水环境系统复杂性及中国水资源管理特点与应用需求,认为中国应强化对概率稀释模型法、未确知数学法及随机规划法等3种方法的研究和改进。The study aims to clarify the evolution of calculation methods of water environmental capacity of surface waters in China, and to discuss the development trend. Based on the systematic reviewing of previous relevant studies, the research history of water environmental capacity from the introduction of concept to current studies and then five calculation methods of water environmental capacity of surface waters in China were summarized as follows： Formula method, trial-and-error method, system optimization method （linear programming method and stochastic programming method）, probabilistic dilution model method, and unascertained mathematical method. The basic theories, formation, and applications of the five calculation methods are analyzed. The scope of application, merits and drawbacks of each method are also commented. Taking into account of many factors including research trend, complexity of environmental issues and the demand for water resources management in China, it is suggested that the research in China should be focused on the development of the three methods： Probabilistic dilution model method, stochastic programming method and unascertained mathematical method.

关 键 词：地表水 水环境容量 计算方法 概率稀释模型 系统最优化 未确知数学 

分 类 号：TV131[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]