“差一点”和“差不多”的语义差异及其认知解释  

The Semantic Differences of “Chayidian”and “Chabuduo” and Its Cognitive Interpretation

作　　者：鲁承发[1] 翟汛[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学留学生教育学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2014年第4期32-37,共6页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(11&ZD189);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2012111010203)

摘　　要："差一点"和"差不多"都有两种语义指向:或指向整个谓语,或仅指向谓语中的量。将语义指向相同的"差一点"和"差不多"分别比较,既可以使比较更加精确,又可以兼顾两者的内部用法差异。另外,"差一点"和"差不多"都表达相差的量值很小,但是,"差一点"句式中相差的小量处于临界点上,导致量近而质异,所以要凸显这一小量;"差不多"中相差的小量不处于临界点,导致量近而质同,所以会忽略这一小量。这种心理认知方式上的对立,导致了"差一点"和"差不多"的诸多用法差异。Both of the semantic meanings of Chinese adverb ＂chayidian＂ and ＂chabuduo＂ can direct to the whole predicate or only to the amount in the predicate. To respectively compare the meanings of the two adverbs with same semantic direction can not only make the comparison more accurate, but also give consideration to the internal usage differences of each adverb. What＇s more, both of these two adverbs express that the difference value is small. However, the small value in ＂chayidian＂ construction is highly profiled because the value lies on the critical point, while the small value in ＂ chabuduo＂ construction is neglected because the value does not lie on the critical point. This opposition of the psychological cognitive styles leads to the differences between the two adverbs.

关 键 词：差一点 差不多 对比 凸显 忽略 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]