欧盟农业生态补偿对中国GIAHS保护的启示  

Inspiration of EU's agricultural eco-compensation policy to China's GIAHS management

作　　者：刘某承[1] 熊英[2] 伦飞[1] 张永勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 [2]中国人民大学环境学院

出　　处：《世界农业》2014年第6期83-88,103,共7页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41201586);农业部2014年农业国际交流与合作项目"中国的全球重要农业文化遗产评估";中国工程院重点咨询项目"中国重要农业文化遗产保护与发展战略研究"(2013-XZ-22)

摘　　要：建立生态补偿机制是实现全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)动态保护和可持续发展的重要措施之一。欧盟是全球最先发起农业生态补偿的地区,学习其先进经验在探索中国GIAHS生态补偿机制中可以起到重要作用。本文在探讨建立GIAHS生态补偿机制必要性的基础上,重点梳理了欧盟农业生态补偿的补贴政策,并从每年的农业转换面积占比、农民进入与退出比例方面分析了欧盟农业生态补偿补贴政策的有效性及其缺陷,发现补贴政策虽然在激励各成员国从常规农业向生态农业转换的决策中发挥了重要作用,但是无法保障农户持续地从事该行业。在分析其原因的基础上,提出了建立中国GIAHS生态补偿机制的建议。Ecological compensation is one important alternative to achieve dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS). It is in the Europe Union(EU) that agricultural eco-compensation was firstly conducted. To learn their advanced experiences is beneficial for exploring ecological compensation mechanism of GIHAS management in China. Based on summarizing the experiences of agricultural eco-compensation measurements in EU, this paper analyze their advantages and disadvantages from the viewpoints of the areas of agriculture land transition and the ratios of joining and quitting. It could be found that eco-compensation is not sustainable measurement to guarantee farmers working there, although it can play an important role in the decisions of converting from the conventional farming to the ecological alternative. Some suggestions of the establishment of eco-compensation mechanism of GIAHS in China are proposed asfollows: ①to explore the multiple studies of compensation measurements; ② to establish the compensation policies; ③ to build the potential market of agriculture heritage products; ④ and to enhance scientific research and technology promotion.

关 键 词：GIAHS 生态补偿 共同农业政策 补贴 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]