个体主义的地区差异和代际变迁  

Regional Difference and Cross-generational Change of Individualism

作　　者：苏红[1,2] 任孝鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第6期1006-1015,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项(2009FY110100)

摘　　要：个体主义作为一个重要的文化维度,是指强调注重自我的独立性、重视个人目标和成就的价值取向。个体主义的测量方法包括自我报告、启动法以及心外之物的客观指标测量。近来气候—经济理论和病原体假说等新的影响个体主义的因素被证实。个体主义不仅存在着文化之间差异,同时也存在着同一文化内部的地区(州、省)差异。另外,从纵向的角度利用大数据和客观指标发现,同一文化内个体主义呈现逐渐增强的代际变化趋势。未来个体主义的研究要从多种测量方法来综合考察。Individualism, as an important cultural dimension, was defined as a focus on self-independence, personal goals and personal achievements. Three general approaches to measure individualism were self-report, priming cultural frame and tangible cultural products outside the head. Recently, Climato- Economic Theory and Pathogen susceptibility Theory that account for individualism were developed. There were between- and within-culture differences in individualism, which within-culture differences （states, provinces, prefectures within-country） were emphasized. Just as individualism differs across regions, individualism changed over time within-culture. Trends appeared more individualistic in the form of generational change on the basis of big data and objective indicators. Future research should integrate various approaches to measure individualism.

关 键 词：个体主义 独立性 集体主义 地区差异 代际变迁 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]