草甘膦诱导抗草甘膦棉花花药中激素和游离氨基酸含量的变化  

Changes of Phytohormone and Free Amino Acid Contents in GlyphosateResistant Transgenic Cotton Anthers Induced by Glyphosate

作　　者：刘吉焘[1] 狄佳春[2] 陈旭升[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所、农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2014年第3期530-536,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项课题(2011ZX08005-001)资助

摘　　要：转基因抗草甘膦棉花喷施草甘膦可引起花药败育，但关于草甘膦诱导抗草甘膦棉花花药败育过程中的生化变化尚未见报道。本文以转基因抗草甘膦棉花新品系N95为试验材料，用0．2％草甘膦喷洒棉株为处理，以不喷为对照。试验结果表明：（1）草甘膦处理的植株其花粉活力很低，平均只有3％；而未经处理的植株花粉活力则平均高达86％，两者差异达极显著水平，显示抗草甘膦棉花喷施草甘膦后，可导致其花粉雄性不育。（2）分期取样，测定花粉4个发育时期内源激素含量，结果显示处理株花药中生长素含量始终低于对照，平均只有对照株中的43．8％～64．3％；脱落酸的含量始终高于对照，平均为对照株含量的1．33～1．87倍；玉米素的含量始终低于对照，平均只有对照株的39．6％～57．1％；赤霉素含量也始终低于对照，平均只有对照株的50．5％～64．9％。（3）处理株与对照株花药中氨基酸含量的检测结果发现：苯丙氨酸极显著低于对照，赖氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸和蛋氨酸的含量显著低于对照，谷氨酸含量则显著高于对照。根据以上研究结果推断：花药中生长素的降低、脱落酸的增加、细胞分裂素及赤霉素含量的不足是导致花药败育的基本生化因子。另外，苯丙氨酸含量极显著偏低，赖氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸的含量显著偏低以及谷氨酸含量显著偏高，也与棉花花药的败育存在不同程度的关联。Glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton can be induced anther abortion when sprayed by glyphosate, but the changes of phytohormone and amino acid contents in the process of anther abortion has not been reported. In this paper, a transgenic glyphosate resistant strain of N95 was used as test material, with 0.2% glyphosate spraying plants for the treatment, no spraying for the control. The test results had been obtained as follows. Firstly, the pollen vitality is only 3% on average in treated plants, and averaged 86% in the control, which display that spraying of glyphosate can cause pollen male infertility in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Secondly, assaying phytohormones contents in pollens during four developmental stages, revealed that IAA content in anthers from the treatment was always lower than the control, only with an average of the control 43.8%～64.3%; ABA content is always higher than that of the control, the average is 1.33～1.87 times the control; content of ZR always lower than the control, with an average of the control 39.6%～57.1%; GA content is always lower than the control, with an average of the control 50.5%～64.9%. Thirdly, the amino acids contents tested in anthers showed that the content of phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, valine and methionine from the treated plants were significantly lower than that in the control, while the content of glutamic acid was significantly higher than that of the control. According to the above research results can infer that the deficiency of IAA, ZR, GA3 and overabundance of ABA are basic biochemical factors led to anther abortion. Additionally, the deficiency of phenylalanine, lysine, histidine and valine, overabundance ofglutamic acid also probably associated with anther abortion.

关 键 词：转基因棉花 抗草甘膦 花药败育 激素 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]