南京市售蔬菜重金属污染状况及对人体健康风险分析  

Analysis of the health risk of heavy metal contamination in vegetables sold in markets in Nanjing City

作　　者：王艳莉[1] 谢国祥[1] 郭宝福[1] 赵士权[1] 李建新[1] 李春野[1] 姜云[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第12期2148-2150,2166,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江苏省卫生厅预防医学基金项目(Y200729);南京市医学科技发展计划项目(ZKX07025);国家科技发展支撑计划项目(2011BAK21B05)

摘　　要：目的了解南京市售蔬菜中重金属污染水平及其对人体健康的危害,为食品安全监督管理和保护居民健康提供科学依据。方法采集南京市区主要农贸市场的940份蔬菜样品,按照国标方法测定蔬菜中重金属总汞、铅、铬的含量。蔬菜重金属污染程度及对人体健康影响分别采用污染指数法和非致癌污染物所致健康危害的风险模型进行评价。结果叶菜类蔬菜中重金属污染较严重,豆类蔬菜中蚕豆汞含量最高超标倍数为12.40倍,大葱汞含量最高超标倍数为19.30倍,南京市居民通过摄入蔬菜途径所引起健康危害的平均个人年风险,铅为2.918×10-8人/年,汞为4.480×10-7人/年,铬为3.845×10-8人/年。结论南京市售蔬菜除少数受到重金属汞污染外,其余蔬菜重金属铅、总汞和铬含量均在安全级别,居民经食入蔬菜途径暴露接触这3种重金属的风险很小。Objective The study assessed the level of heavy metal contamination in vegetables sold in markets in Nanjing and the risks of the contamination to human health, aiming to provide a scientific reference for the supervision and management of food safety and the health protection of the residents. Methods 940 vegetable samples were collected from main farmers＇ markets in Nanjing. The contents of mercury, plumbum, and chromium in the samples were examined in accordance with the national standards. The level of heavy metal contamination in the vegetables and its influence on human health were evaluated by pollution indices and risk models for non-carcinogenic contaminants-caused health hazards, respectively. Results The worst heavy metal contamination was detected in leaf vegetables. Broad beans, among other legume vegetables, had the highest mercury content, surpassing the standard limits by 12.40-fold; and the content of mercury in green onions was 19.3-fold higher than the standards. The average annual risks of health hazards caused by intake of vegetables per person among Nanjing residents were 2.918 × 10^4 person/year for plumbum, 4.480× 10^-7 person/year for mercury, and 3.845× 10^-8 person/year for chromium. Conclusion Except for a few vegetables contaminated by mercury, levds of plumbum, mercury, and chromium in most vegetables sold in Nanjing are considered safe for human consumption, suggesting that the risk of exposure to these three heavy metals through intake of vegetables is small.

关 键 词：蔬菜 重金属 健康风险 

分 类 号：R155.33[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]