簡帛本《老子》的思想與學術價值——以北大漢簡爲契機的新考察  

The Critical and Academic Value of Laozi in Bamboo Silk Version:The Investigation into Han Bamboo Slips at Peking University

作　　者：劉笑敢 

机构地区：[1]中國人民大學

出　　处：《国学学刊》2014年第2期34-45,141-142,共12页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

基　　金：國家社科基金重大項目<中國解釋學史>資助;項目編號 122&&ZD109

摘　　要：本文利用新公布不久的北大漢簡《老子》重新考察了《老子》一書主要版本的演變過程和律則,確認簡帛本對《老子》思想研究有重要貢獻。根據簡帛本,我們會對《老子》思想有新的認識,比如第一章的主題問題,聖人之輔萬物和不敢爲的關係問題,以及"和"之觀念的重要性等。文章同时说明,《老子》一書在流傳中産生了律則性的演變的主要動因是后世编校者改善文本的願望,在總體趨勢上顯示爲語言趨同和思想聚焦的特點。後世編校者往往認爲通順的、合乎邏1的、或嚴整的句式應該就是文本的本來面貌。但事實說明,後人的邏1與古本原貌經常不合。從《老子》文本演變的角度、而不是孤立地看不同版本,就會發現兩千年來絶大多數《老子》不同版本的加工者對《老子》之主題和文字有大體一致的理解,他們是整理者和加工者,稱不上共同作者或改寫者。By drawing on the newly publicized Laozi in its Han bamboo slips version at Peking University, this article re-examines the evolution and rules of Laozi's major versions so as to certify the important contribution of these bamboo slips to the critical study of Laozi. The bamboo slip version may yield new findings such as the thematic issue in Chapter I, the issue of a sage person who observes the universal law and its relation with laisser-faire attitude, and the notion of Harmony. The article also explains that the regular evolution of Laozi has been mainly driven by later compilers' wish to better the text and that it manifests in general trend as the linguistic homogenizing and the narrowing of critical thoughts. The compilers over generations tend to believe that the original text should contain smooth, logical or integrated syntax; but it turns out that the thinking of latecomers would often run against the o-riginal text. In view of textual evolution instead of isolating each version, one can find that different compilers of Laozi over two thousand years tend to share the similar understanding towards its theme and language and that they could be regarded as textual organizers rather than co-authors.

关 键 词：北大汉简本《老子》 简帛研究 文本演变之律则 文本歧变 文本同化 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]