法律英语语言中shall句型的语用分析  

A Pragmatic Analysis of the Syntactic Structure of Shall in English Legal Documents

作　　者：陈敏[1] 杨署东[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学商务英语学院,重庆400031 [2]重庆大学法学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《外国语文》2014年第2期95-100,共6页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费科研专项重点项目:"法律文本英汉互译失真问题研究--以法解释论和等效翻译论为视角"(CQDXWL-2012Z023)

摘　　要：本文运用奥斯汀的言语行为理论,用定性分析和选样例举相结合的方法,系统分析了法律英语语言中出现频率较高的shall句型的语用特征和语用含义。分析结果表明,在法律语境下,shall句型的语用特征是显性的:即利用情态助动词的规约性含意发挥指示语功能,传递规约性指示信息;利用施为句功能,发挥"以言行事"的功效。shall句型的语用含义主要在于表达不同的宣示语义:宣示某种责任/义务,宣示某种权力/权利,宣示一种不得违反的强制性或禁止性规定等。根据以上分析,本文还检视了汉英法律翻译文本中shall句型的运用和理解上存在的语用失误。本文的研究和发现将有助于我们准确地理解法律英语语言,并将我国的法律文本有效地翻译为英语,便于不同法律文化、制度的相互交流与传播。Through a combined technique of qualitative analysis and illustration with selected examples, the paper uses the theory of speech acts by Austin to make a systematic analysis of the pragmatic features and conversational implicatures of the syntactic structure of shall, a frequently appearing syntactic structure of modal auxiliary verb in English for legal purposes. It is found that in the legal context the pragmatic features of the syntactic structure of shall is explicit： it exerts a pointing function and conveys a conventional indication through the conventional implicature of the word shall as a modal auxiliary verb and also exerts the function of ＂do things with words＂ as a perfomative and that in legal context the syntactic structure of shall expresses sorts of publicizing meanings ： to publicize a certain liability or obligation, to publicize a certain power or right, to publicize an inviolably compulsory or prohibiting provision and so on. Using those pragmatic features and conversational implicatures to review some legal English translations from Chinese, it is found that there exist three aspects of pragmatic failures in understanding and using the syntactic structure of shall. Those findings will contribute to our exact understanding of English language of law and correct translating from Chinese language of law into Englishand promote the exchanges of different legal cultures and institutions.

关 键 词：法律语境 shall句型 语用特征 语用含义 语用失误 

分 类 号：H313[语言文字—英语]