竺道生“阐提成佛”说新论  

A New Essay on the Idea of "icchantika can attain buddhahood" of Chu Tao-sheng

作　　者：傅新毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国思想家研究中心

出　　处：《哲学研究》2014年第6期107-113,129,共7页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：自汤用彤先生1932年发表《竺道生与涅檠学》一文，特别是1938年又将其主要观点整合入《汉魏两晋南北朝佛教史》以来，汉语学界以此为框架，形成了对竺道生“阐提成佛”说的经典诠释。大略谓：竺道生是佛性本有论者，孤明先发，首倡一切众生皆有佛性，一阐提（iechantika）亦能成佛。由于这一新说与由法显传来的六卷本《大般泥洹经》相违背，因此遭到了旧学僧侣的强烈反对，道生也因此被逐出了其所在的建康僧团。Focusing on Chu Taosheng's idea of 'icchantika(一阐提)can attain buddhahood',this paper provides a reflection from the typical explanation on the subject.The author argues that Chu's viewpoint is neither the same as the preceding chapters of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra(《大般涅槃经》),which holds that icchantika is not capable in achieving buddhahood while the buddha-dhatu(佛性) is innate,nor in align with the latter half of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra that believe the buddha-dhatu is acquired through practices.Instead of these thoughts in Mahaparinirvana Sutra,Chu's idea is a consequence of the explanation on ' dharmata'(法性) by the Chinese concept 'Li'(理),where 'dharmata',which has a same meaning as'sunyata'(空),gain its positive sense,containing three fundamental attributes:reality and eternality,universal pervasion,and uniqueness.Via this interpretation,Chu has managed to launch the mainstream of later Chinese Buddhism.

关 键 词：竺道生 提成 《大般泥洹经》 两晋南北朝 经典诠释 汤用彤 佛教史 佛性 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学]