稻茬小麦公顷产量 9000 kg 群体钾素积累、分配与利用特性  

Potassium Accumulation, Distribution, and Utilization in Wheat with Yield Potential of 9000 kg ha^(-1) in Rice-Wheat Rotation System

作　　者：丁锦峰[1,2] 訾妍 杨佳凤[1,2] 潘婷[1,2] 封超年[1,2] 朱新开[1,2] 李春燕[1,2] 彭永欣[1,2] 郭文善[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室 [2]扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2014年第6期1035-1043,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971729,31171480);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B08);江苏省科技厅项目(BE2009426);江苏省农业三项工程;江苏高校优势学科建设工程;江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目资助

摘　　要：在稻麦两熟制条件下,以扬麦20为材料,通过基本苗和氮肥施用量、施用时期及比例的调控,建立不同产量水平群体,研究籽粒产量9000 kg hm–2群体钾素积累、分配与利用特性。结果表明,籽粒产量≥9000 kg hm–2(超高产)群体钾素吸收高峰期出现在拔节至开花期,吸收的钾素占一生吸收钾素的52%~68%;开花期和成熟期钾素积累量均极显著高于<9000 kg hm–2(高产)群体。成熟期叶片、茎鞘、颖壳+穗轴和籽粒钾素积累量与籽粒产量均呈极显著线性正相关;花后茎鞘钾素转运量与产量呈极显著线性正相关,颖壳+穗轴钾素转运量与产量呈极显著线性负相关。超高产群体开花期和成熟期钾素积累量分别为430~450 kg hm–2和366~408 kg hm–2;成熟期钾素积累量,茎鞘中最高,为244~269 kg hm–2,其次是叶片和颖壳+穗轴,分别为46~49 kg hm–2和40~46 kg hm–2,籽粒中仅为35~46 kg hm–2;花后茎鞘钾素转出量为46~52 kg hm–2,颖壳+穗轴钾素积累量为9~17 kg hm–2。超高产群体每100 kg籽粒的吸钾量需达4.57~4.87 kg,此时的钾素利用效率为20.56~22.02 kg kg–1,钾收获指数为0.095~0.112。Different wheat populations of Yangmai 20 were established in the rice-wheat rotation system by managing plant density and nitrogen application amount, timing and splitting ratio in 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 growing seasons. These populations were divided into high yield （HY, 〈9000 kg ha-1） and super high yield （SHY, ≥9000 kg ha-1） groups. Characteristics of potassium （K） uptake and utilization in both population groups were compared to guide high-yield wheat production in the rice-wheat rotation system. In SHY population, K absorption from elongation to anthesis was greater than that of other growing periods, which accounted for 52–68% of the total K uptake. The K accumulation amounts at anthesis and maturity were significantly higher in SHY population than in HY population. At maturity, K accumulation amount in leaf, stem, rachis ＋ hull, and grain was positively correlated with grain yield. After anthesis, K translocation amount from stem to grain was positively correlated with grain yield, whereas K translocation amount from rachis ＋ hull to grain was negatively correlated with grain yield. In SHY population, K accumulation amount was 430–450 kg ha-1 at anthesis and 366–408 kg ha-1 at maturity; K accumulation amounts at maturity were 46–49 kg ha-1 in leaf, 244–269 kg ha-1 in stem, 40–46 kg ha-1 in rachis ＋ hull, and 35–46 kg ha-1 in grain; K translocation amount at anthesis from stem to grain was 46–52 kg ha-1; and K accumulation amount in rachis ＋ hull from anthesis to maturity was 9–17 kg ha-1. For yielding grain higher than 9000 kg ha-1, winter wheat in the rice-wheat rotation system required 4.57–4.87 kg K nutrient to produce 100 kg grain. Meanwhile, the K use efficiency and K harvest index were 20.56–22.02 kg kg-1 and 0.095–0.112, respectively.

关 键 词：稻茬小麦 高产 钾素积累、分配与利用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]