单字法定向遗忘中情绪指示符对记忆编码过程的影响  

Effects of Emotional Picture Cues on Directed Forgetting Using the Item Method: An ERPs Study at Encoding

作　　者：王瑛瑛[1] 梁九清[2] 郭春彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理系,北京市"学习与认知"重点实验室,北京100037 [2]首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京100037

出　　处：《心理学报》2014年第6期740-753,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271078);北京市教委科技计划重点项目(KZ201410028034)资助

摘　　要：本实验使用ERPs技术,操纵情绪图片作为指示符,探讨在情绪指示下对中性名词的定向遗忘效应;根据提取阶段对项目再认的正确与否结合编码阶段的指示,将编码阶段指示符呈现时的ERPs叠加平均为4类：指示记住/记住（RR）,指示记住/忘记（RF）,指示忘记/记住（FR）,指示忘记/忘记（FF）,来考察指示上的情绪效应以及两种情绪下的记住、忘记意向。结果发现：行为结果上,两种情绪指示下均存在定向遗忘效应。350~600 ms时段,在额区和中央区位置指示记住条件（指示记住/记住和指示记住/忘记）下,正性情绪的波形比负性情绪显著更正,这一结果反映了效价评估过程,体现了对正性刺激的偏好;左侧顶区位置的指示忘记/忘记条件下,负性情绪的波形比正性情绪的波形更正,说明负性情绪指示忘记时对项目较弱的抑制作用;而指示忘记/记住条件下并不存在情绪效应。此外,正性情绪作指示时,在记住意向（指示记住/记住和指示忘记/记住）和忘记意向（指示记住/忘记和指示忘记/忘记）上都存在差异;负性情绪作指示时并不存在记忆意向上的差异。由此可见,正性情绪作指示时的加工更加灵活,且在指示忘记上更有效。The ability to intentionally forget emotional irrelevant or unwanted materials is vital for memory function. The item method, which is the one of two main variants of directed forgetting paradigm, is the typical approach to exploring the mechanisms of intentional forgetting in the laboratory. When the item method was used, the predominant explanation of directed forgetting effects emphasizes selective encoding, while evidence supporting inhibition control during encoding and retrieval is also observed. ERPs studies on directed forgetting during encoding attempt to seek inhibition evidence and separate encoding effort from encoding success. Many studies have found that the to-be-forgotten cues elicited early enhanced positive waves in frontal and prefrontal areas, indicating strong activation of inhibitory processes. Meanwhile, intentional forgetting involves different brain areas compared with unintentional forgetting and intentional remember. ＇researches-on-directed-forgetting-of e-m-ot-io-nai-materials showed that emotional stimuli are exempt from forgetting or have a diminished directed forgetting effect when compared with neutral stimuli. Unlike previous studies on directed forgetting of emotional events with neutral symbols as cues （eg, ＂RRRR＂ as the to-be-remembered cue and ＂FFFF＂ as the to-be-forgotten cue）, the current study used emotional pictures as cues to create two experiment manipulations. The first manipulation used positive pictures as the to-be-remembered cues and negative pictures as the to-be-forgotten cues; the second used negative pictures as the to-be-remembered cues and positive pictures as the to-be-forgotten cues. The purpose of the two manipulations is to examine the electrophysiological correlates of the intentional forgetting of neutral nouns using the item-method directed forgetting paradigm. Twenty female undergraduate students participated in the experiment. During study phase, participants were instructed to remember half of a series of presented words （TBR） and

关 键 词：定向遗忘 指示符情绪效应 编码意向 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]