水的黏度变化对低速大扭矩水压马达柱塞副泄漏流量的影响  

Influence of water viscosity variation on leakage flow of low speed high torque water hydraulic motor's piston pair

作　　者：王志强[1] 高殿荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]燕山大学机械工程学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2014年第5期568-573,共6页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51075348);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2011203151);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20101333110002)

摘　　要：为了提高低速大扭矩水压马达的容积效率，定量分析了水黏度对柱塞副泄漏流量损失的影响。首先根据水压马达实际运行状态确定了柱塞副的初始设计参数和水的性能参数，计算了定黏度下不同间隙、不同偏心距时的柱塞副泄漏流量。然后基于温升与压降的关系、黏温方程、黏压方程及流量方程，建立了变黏度条件下，水压马达在低速及高速情况下，柱塞副与转子缸孔同心及偏心时，柱塞副泄漏流量损失的数学模型。最后以环形间隙大小、偏心距和压差作为柱塞副的性能指标，详细分析了水的黏度对柱塞副泄漏流量的影响。研究表明：低速同心下，增大间隙2～10μm，减小水黏度，柱塞副的最大泄漏流量由0．002 L/min 增大至0．2503 L/min；高速同心下，柱塞副的最大泄漏流量由0．0204 L/min 增大至0．2611 L/min。低速偏心下，增大偏心距1～4μm，减小水黏度，柱塞副的最大泄漏流量由0．0175 L/min 增大至0．0401 L/min；高速偏心下，柱塞副的最大泄漏流量由0．0219 L/min 增大至0．0444 L/min。因此，减小柱塞转子副的间隙，减小偏心距，增大水的黏度，柱塞副的泄漏流量降低，马达的容积效率提高。In order to improve the volumetric efficiency of water hydraulic motor,the influence of water viscosity on leakage flow loss of piston pair was analyzed quantitatively.First,based on the real work situations of water hydraulic motor,the initial pa-rameters of piston pair and water performance were determined.And then the leakage flow of piston pair of various clearance and eccentricity at a certain viscosity was calculated.Subsequently,based on the relationship between temperature rise and pressure drop,viscosity-temperature equation,viscosity-pressure equation and flow equation,the mathematical models of leakage flow loss of piston pair under the condition of variable viscosity were established when piston pair was concentric and eccentric with rotor cylinder block at low and high rotational speed.Finally,taking the size of annular space,eccentricity and pressure differential as the performance indexes,the influence of water viscosity on leakage flow loss of piston pair was analyzed in detail.The results in-dicate that when piston pair is concentric with rotor cylinder block,as the clearance increases by 2-10 μm and water viscosity re-duces,the maximum leakage flow increases accordingly from 0.002 to 0.250 3 L/min under the condition of low speed and the leakage flow increases from 0.020 4 to 0.261 1 L/min under the condition of high speed.As the eccentricity of piston pair and ro-tor increases by 1-4 μm and water viscosity reduces,the maximum leakage flow increases accordingly from 0.017 5 to 0.040 1 L/min under the condition of low speed and the maximum leakage flow increases from 0.021 9 to 0.044 4 L/min under the condition of high speed.Consequently,when the clearance and eccentricity are reduced and the viscosity of water is increased,the leakage flow of piston pair is reduced,and the volumetric efficiency of water hydraulic motor is improved.

关 键 词：水压马达 柱塞副 黏度 间隙 偏心距 泄漏流量 

分 类 号：TH137.51[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]