青鱼鳍骨、肋骨和鳃盖骨微观结构与力学性能的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Black Carp's Fin,Rib and Opercular Bones

作　　者：朱小萍[1] 刘传祥 杜敏梳 李瑞士 魏三强[4] 

机构地区：[1]淮南联合大学,安徽淮南232038 [2]安徽山河药用辅料有限公司,安徽淮南232007 [3]中国石油大学能源材料微结构实验室,北京102249 [4]安徽宿州职业技术学院计算机信息系,安徽宿州234101

出　　处：《实验力学》2014年第3期392-400,共9页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

基　　金：2014年度安徽省高等学校省级自然科学基金项目(KJ2014A234)

摘　　要：本文从材料学角度定量分析了青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的微观结构、成分及力学特性。利用电子显微镜观察了鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的微观结构;通过X射线衍射、电镜能谱以及煅烧的骨灰综合分析,探讨了青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的有机、无机成分之间的密切联系;进行了青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的拉伸实验;利用显微硬度计对干、湿状态下的鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨进行了硬度测试。结果显示,鳍骨无机物含量较多,鳃盖骨有机物较多,肋骨介于两者之间;矿化胶原蛋白束在鳍骨中的排列非常规则,在鳃盖骨中排列不是很规则,在肋骨中排列较规则;鳍骨中矿化胶原纤维束间孔洞非常少,骨质密实,而在腮盖骨中孔洞很多,骨质稀疏;干的鱼骨显微硬度均大于湿的鱼骨。结论是,鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的微观结构、成分及力学特性存在差异,其中鳍骨的力学性能明显强于鳃盖骨,肋骨介于二者之间,水份对青鱼鳍骨、肋骨、鳃盖骨的硬度有明显的影响。Microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of black carp＇s fin, rib and opercular bones were quantitatively analyzed from point of view of materials science. Comprehensive analysis was carried out based on the results from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） and calcined ash experiment, to explore the organic and inorganic component among black carp＇s fin, rib and opercular bones. By using micro-hardness tester, the hardness of black carp＇s fin, rib and opercular bones was measured under dry and wet conditions respectively. Results show that fin bone contains much more inorganic substance; while opercular bone contains much more organic substance; the content of inorganic and organic substance in rib bone is between fin and opercular bones; mineralized collagen bundles in fin bone are arranged very regularly, while they in opercular bone are arranged irregularly and in rib bone are arranged comparatively regular; fin bone is dense and compact with very few holes in mineralized collagen fiber bundle, while opercular bone is osteoporotic with many holes in mineralized collagen fiber bundle; microhardness of dry bone is greater than that of wet bone. It is concluded that there are differences in microstructure, composition and mechanical properties among black carp＇s fin, rib and opercular bones; mechanical properties of fin bone are much stronger than that of opercular bone, rib bone is between fin and opercular bone; water has obvious effect on the hardness of black carp＇s fin, rib and opercular bones.

关 键 词：青鱼 骨 微观结构 力学特性 

分 类 号：Q66[生物学—生物物理学]