酒精戒断综合征:机制、评估及药物治疗进展  

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: Updates on Mechanism, Assessment and Pharmacotherapy

作　　者：杨雪[1] 盛利霞[1] 郝伟[2] 汤宜朗[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院,北京100088 [2]中南大学湘雅医院精神卫生研究所 [3]埃默里大学医学院,美国亚特兰大30322

出　　处：《中国药物滥用防治杂志》2014年第3期181-186,共6页Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment

摘　　要：目的:介绍酒精戒断综合征(AWS)的机制、评估及药物治疗方面的进展。方法:对近年相关文献进行复习。结果:本文对AWS的时程、机制(尤其是涉及GABA及NMDA递质系统)、评估及药物治疗进行了介绍。详细讨论了固定剂量法及对症给药法的具体细节。对其他药物的使用也略有介绍。结论:AWS比较常见且对酒精将具有诊断意义。长期饮酒导致的GABA/NMDA系统的改变是AWS的主要机制,长效苯二氮□类药是控制AWS的一线药物,不过其他药物也有使用。具体是使用固定剂量法还是对症给药法则以治疗环境、医生的偏好以及员工的培训情况而定。Objective：To review the updates on mechanism of,and assessment and pharmacotherapy for alcohol Withdrawal syn-drome（AWS）. Methods：Literature review and hand-picked literature. Results：We reviewed the time-course,mechanism（espe-cially mechanism related to GABA and NMDA systems）,assessment and medications for AWS. Detailed discussions are provided re-garding fixed-dosed and symptom-triggered methods when using benzodiazepines for AWS. Role of other medications is also discussed. Conclusion：AWS is common and of diagnostic value in alcohol dependence. Alterations in GABA/ NMDA system after prolonged ex-posure to alcohol is believed to be the primary mechanism for AWS and long-acting benzodiazepines are the first-line pharmacotherapy, though other medications have been tried. Either fixed-dose or symptom-triggered method can be used,depending on the setting,clini-cians’preference and staff training.

关 键 词：酒精 戒断综合征 机制 评估 药物治疗 

分 类 号：R749.62[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]