直接调查模式与间接调查模式——田野调查中单语者与双语者的重要区别  

he monolingual and the bilingual in the fieldwork of language investigation

作　　者：陈保亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,北京100000

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第4期144-149,共6页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"基于严格语音对应的汉语与民族语关系字专题研究"(项目编号:13AZD051);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"基于系统语音对应的核心词分阶及建模研究"(项目编号:11JJD740004)阶段成果

摘　　要：直接调查模式是直接面对单语者调查发音人的母语,间接调查模式是借助双语者(包括多语者)调查发音人的母语。随着全球化趋势的增加,语言接触越来越深入,田野调查中直接调查模式越来越难以实现,获得一种单纯的语言内在系统越来越困难。不同的调查者在同一个调查点所得到的调查结果常常不一样,其中一个主要因素就是所选择的发音人不一样。多年的跟踪调查显示,导致语言调查结果产生最大区别的是单语发音人和双语发音人的区别。要对语言系统的固有特性和语言接触的机制做充分的调查,必须要区分单语者的母语和双语者的母语。语言接触的大趋势使单语者比例越来越少,濒危语言研究需要充分关注这一独特的流失现象,利用现有的单语者尽快展开直接调查,尽可能多地记录民族语言的内在结构系统。The immediate model of investigation and the mediate model of investigation： a distinct difference between the immediate model of investigation is to investigate the monolingual directly. The mediate model of investigation is to investigate a native language through the bilingual （including the muhilingual）. Due to the rapid globalization, there is more extensive language contact, and the application of the immediate model of investigation faces more and more challenges. One of the main reasons that different investigators usually get different investigation results at one place comes from different informants. Our follow - up survey of many years shows that it is the difference between the monolingual informant and the bilingual informant that results in the major differences of investigation. If we want to investigate the innate features of a language and the mechanism of language contact sufficiently, we must tell the mother tongue of the monolingual from that of the bilingual. The monolingual become fewer and fewer due to the tendency of more frequent lan- guage contact. Scholars researching on endangered languages must pay much attention to this special situation. We should investigate monolinguals as soon as possible and record the innate language features as much as we can.

关 键 词：单语者 双语者 直接调查 间接调查 田野工作 

分 类 号：H0-0[语言文字—语言学]