脂肪干细胞及其向成骨细胞分化的调控机制  

Adipose-derived stem cells and their importance to the regulatory mechanism of osteoblast differentiation

作　　者：唐宇欣[1] 金晗[1] 史册[1] 朱阳[1] 王丹丹[1] 王贺[1] 林崇韬[2] 孙宏晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学口腔医院病理科,长春130021 [2]吉林大学口腔医院牙周科,长春130021

出　　处：《国际口腔医学杂志》2014年第4期418-423,共6页International Journal of Stomatology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81271111);国家自然科学基金重大合作研究计划(81320108011)

摘　　要：脂肪组织中除含有脂肪细胞、结缔组织基质、神经组织、血管组织和免疫细胞外,还存在多能干细胞,其具有向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、肌细胞、内皮细胞、造血细胞、肝细胞和神经元细胞分化的潜能。此外,脂肪组织可分泌脂联蛋白、瘦蛋白、抵抗蛋白和肿瘤坏死因子等多肽物质,其中,瘦蛋白具有调解成骨和成脂分化信号转导通路的功能,既可增加细胞增殖和成骨分化能力以及矿化结节的数量,还可阻止细胞成脂分化。成骨细胞在分化过程中表达核心结合因子-α1、成骨细胞特异性转录因子、1型胶原、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白和骨涎蛋白等细胞外基质蛋白和成骨相关因子,观察这些标志性基因的表达,可了解干细胞向成骨细胞分化成熟的状态。目前用于提高脂肪干细胞成骨分化能力的方法主要有外源性因子、基因工程技术和物理方法,也有学者利用生物力学方法对脂肪干细胞向成骨细胞分化进行调控。随着对脂肪干细胞不断深入的研究,可为骨缺损的修复带来极具意义的变化。In addition to containing some fat cells, connective tissue matrix, nerve tissues, blood vessels, and immune cells in adipose tissue, some multipotent stem cells have the potential of fat cells, osteoblasts, cartilage cells, muscle cells, endothelial cells, hematopoietic cells, liver cells, and neuronal cell differentiation. Adipose tissues can secrete polypeptide materials, such as adiponectin proteins, leptin, resistance proteins, and tumor necrosis factor. Leptins can mediate signal transduction between osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation, thereby enhancing cell proliferation, osteogenetic differentiation ability, and mineralized nodule number. Leptins can also prevent cells from differentiating into adipocytes. The differentiation process of osteogenesis produces extracellular matrix proteins and osteogenesis-related factors, such as core factor-α1, osteoblast-specifi c transcription factor, collagen type 1, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, and osteopontin. By determining the gene expression patterns, the mature state of osteoblast differentiation of stem cells can be investigated. Exogenous factor regulation, gene engineering regulation, and physical methods have been used to improvethe osteogenetic differentiation ability of adipose stem cells. In addition, some researchers have employed the method of biomechanics. Detailed research on adipose stem cells can provide useful insights into bone defect repair.

关 键 词：脂肪干细胞 骨组织工程 成骨分化 

分 类 号：R782[医药卫生—口腔医学]