径向激励下辐板型式对车轮振动声辐射影响仿真和试验研究  

Simulated and Experimental Study on the Effect of Wheel Web Shape on Its Vibration and Sound Radiation Characteristics under Radial Excitation

作　　者：韩健[1] 王瑞乾[1] 王谛[1] 屈磊[1] 肖新标[1] 赵国堂[1] 金学松[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第10期103-111,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2009BAG12A01-B06);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划;2011AA11A103-2-2);教育部创新团队(IRT1178;SWJTU12ZT01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWJTU12ZT01);四川省科技支撑计划(2010GZ0226)资助项目

摘　　要：在半消声室内通过试验手段开展不同车轮辐板型式对车轮声辐射影响的试验研究,同时建立车轮有限元模型,基于Lanzos算法对其进行模态分析,结合仿真计算的模态振型和试验结果,对比分析3种辐板型式地铁车轮振动声辐射特性,获得精确的指向性测试结果并近似给出相应的经验公式。结果表明,通过仿真计算和试验得到的固有频率相差很小,通过有限元计算对车轮进行模态分析能够保证足够的精确度。径向激励下,车轮辐板型式改变,其固有频率、模态振型以及指向性均发生改变;斜曲型辐板和双S型辐板车轮的振动声辐射水平相当,双S型辐板车轮的声辐射水平比斜曲型辐板车轮的略大,而直型辐板车轮的振动声辐射水平最低,其总辐射声能量级比斜曲型辐板车轮和双S型辐板车轮分别小5.2 dB和6.5 dB。相关试验结果可为城市轨道交通低噪声车轮的设计和选型提供参考,也可以验证其他文献中数值仿真计算的正确性。The vibration and sound radiation characteristics of metro wheels with three different web shapes are investigated through the experiment in a semi-anechoic room.Finite element model of the wheel is developed for modal analysis based on Lanzos method.Combining calculated mode shape and test results,the vibration and sound radiation of three kinds of wheels with different webs are analyzed.Accurate directivities are obtained by the test and empirical formulas for approximately simulating the directivities are given.As the results showed,there is a good agreement between the simulated and tested natural frequencies.Enough accuracy is ensured through the finite element modal analysis.Under the radial excitation,the natural frequencies,mode shapes and sound radiation directivities of the wheel are different with different webs.The levels of vibration and sound radiation of the wheels with curved web and doubled-S web are close.And the vibration and sound level of doubled-S webbed wheel is a little higher than that of the wheel of curved web.Comparing the wheels with curved web and doubled-S web,the level of vibration and sound radiation of the wheel with straight web is the lowest.The sound energy level of straight webbed wheel is,respectively,5.2 dB and 6.5 dB smaller than that with curved web and doubled-S web.The related experimental results could not only provide a reference to the low noise design and the choice of the type of the railway wheel with low noise level,but also validate the simulated studies in other literatures.

关 键 词：地铁车轮 声辐射 振动响应 辐板型式 试验 半消声室 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]