浙江省优秀游泳运动员有氧耐力测试与应用  

Test and application of aerobic endurance of excellent swimming athletes in Zhejiang province

作　　者：沈艳梅 

机构地区：[1]浙江体育科学研究所,浙江杭州310004

出　　处：《山东体育科技》2014年第3期61-65,共5页Shandong Sports Science & Technology

摘　　要：目的：通过针对性有氧耐力训练，观察游泳运动员训练前后机能变化．结合生理生化监控，寻找有效提高运动能力的有氧训练计划。方法：对12名游泳运动员，采用7×200m递增负荷游泳测试，测定个体乳酸阈（ILAT），安排针对性的有氧耐力训练，观察游泳成绩变化。结果：个体乳酸阈平均值为3．73±0．22mmol／L。男子组高于女子组，15～17岁组低于18～20岁组。乳酸阈对应游速平均值为1．45±0．05m／s。第一阶段训练结束后，男子18～20岁组乳酸-速度曲线发生明显右移。第二阶段训练结束后，所有运动员乳酸-速度曲线发生明显右移。结论：经过2个阶段的乳酸阈训练后，血乳酸-游速曲线均出现右移，表明运动员有氧代谢能力提高。男子18～20岁组适宜每周5堂乳酸阂训练课，每堂课时间为90分钟；女子组和男子15-17岁组适宜每周4堂乳酸阈训练课，每堂课时间为80分钟。Objective： By physiological and biochemical monitoring, to observe the changes of swimming athletes＇ physical function after intensive aerobic endurance training, and to seek for effective training plan for improving sports capacity. Methods： The individual lactic acid threshold （ILAT） was measured in 12 swimming athletes. According to the results, aerobic endurance training programs were performed to observe the changes of achievements. Results： The ILAT means was 3.73 ± 0.22mmol/L. Men＇ s ILAT was higher than women＇ s; 15 - 17 years old athletes＇ was lower than 18 -20 years old athletes＇ Swimming speed of lactate threshold was 1.45±0.05m/s. After first stage, the blood lactate -velocity curve of 18 - 20 years old male athletes＇ showed right shift. After second stage, the blood lactate-velocity curve of all athletes＇ showed right shift. Conclusions：After two-stage training, the athletes＇ aerobic metabolic ability improved. 18 -：20 years old male athletes are suitable for lactate threshold training five times a week, 90 minutes each time; female athletes and 15 - 17 years old male athletes are suitable for lactate threshold training four times a week, 80 minutes each time.

关 键 词：游泳运动员 有氧耐力 个体乳酸阈 乳酸-速度曲线 训练 

分 类 号：G808.16[文化科学—体育训练]