明清时期田皮交易契约研究  

On the “Farming Land(Land Rent Tenure)Sale Contract”In the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：柴荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2014年第4期126-135,共10页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持项目"中国农民土地权益保障法律机制研究"(NCET-12-063);北京师范大学自主科研基金项目"中国城市化进程中土地法律问题研究"(2012WZD12)

摘　　要：明清时期,田皮交易是土地买卖的重要形式之一,但是各级官府对其态度却有很大的差异。在分析明清时期契约中"一田二主"的表现形态并厘清其中法律关系的基础上,可得出结论,朝廷正式法典从未对田皮交易作出过调整,省级官府出于税收和社会稳定的考量,反复调整有关田皮交易的法律规范,逐步从默认转到禁止;同时,田皮交易在基层官府的放任和支持下一直处于非常活跃的状态,而且基层官府通过授权乡村基层组织的方式实现了对田皮交易的参与和监管。各级官府对田皮交易的不同态度,揭示了中国古代国家制定法与民间习惯法之间的关系,作为国家正式制度的制定法常常需要让位于非正式制度的民间习惯法,这也是明清时期田皮交易非常兴盛的重要原因之一。In the Ming and Qing dynasties, ＂farming land （land rent tenure） ＂ transaction is an important kind of land trading style. And yet governments at various levels adopted vastly different attitudes towards such a transaction. Through the analysis of the ＂farming land （land rent tenure） ＂ transaction contract in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the paper looks into the forms of expression and its legal relationship of ＂a piece of land having two owners＂ and concludes that the central government＇s statutes have nothing to do with ＂farming land （land rent tenure） ＂ transaction all over the time, but the provincial governments changes their attitude from acquiesce to prohibit for the sake tion of governments at various levels reveal the relationship between statutes and the customary law, which more often than not requires the statutes to give way to customary law, and this is one of the crucial reasons why ＂farming land （land rent tenure） ＂ transaction flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：明清时期 田皮 田骨 “一田二主” 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]