客观合理信赖先例的“善意例外”——论戴维斯案对美国非法证据排除规则“善意例外”的新发展  

Good-faith Exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent

作　　者：贺红强[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东医学院人文与管理学院,广东东莞523808

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第3期134-138,共5页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：广东省高等学校学科与专业建设专项资金一般项目:<失范与规范之间:刑事庭审秩序的理路与进路>(2013WYXM0050);广东省哲学社会科学"十二五"规划2013年度学科共建项目:<刑事庭审秩序之失范与规范研究>(GD13XFX05)

摘　　要："善意例外"是美国非法证据排除规则的一种例外。在戴维斯案件之前,美国联邦最高法院已确立了几种"善意例外"的类型,戴维斯案件确立了一种新的"善意例外",即客观合理信赖先例的"善意例外"。当警察搜查时客观上合理依赖有约束力的司法先例,但后来该先例已被改变,此种情况下搜查获得的证据不应适用非法证据排除规则。建立这种"善意例外"是因为警察没有过错,且适用非法证据排除规则不能遏制警察的违法行为。建立客观合理信赖先例的"善意例外"并没有危及溯及既往原则,也不会阻碍第四修正案的发展。Good-faith exception is a kind of exclusionary rule. Before Davis v. United States, several good-faith exceptions were established by Supreme Court of the United States. Good-faith exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent was established in Davis v. United States. The Supreme Court held that when the police conducted a search in objectively reasonable reliance on binding appellate precedent, the exclusionary rule should not be applied. Applying the good-faith exception is not only because officer is inculpable, but also because applying the good-faith exception can not deter future Fourth Amendment violations. Good-faith exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent is compatible with retroactivity precedent. Good-faith exception for objectively reasonable reliance on binding precedent will not stunt the development of Fourth Amendment law.

关 键 词：非法证据排除 善意例外 溯及既往 客观合理信赖先例的“善意例外” 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]