云南省马铃薯施肥量与化肥偏生产力的关系研究  

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FERTILIZATION RATE AND FERTILIZER PARTIAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN POTATO PRODUCTION IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

作　　者：刘润梅[1,2] 范茂攀[1] 付云章 周军 郑毅[1,3] 汤利[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省文山州土壤肥料工作站,云南文山663000 [3]西南林业大学国家高原湿地中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《土壤学报》2014年第4期753-760,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260504,41361065);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201103003)共同资助

摘　　要：化肥偏生产力(Partial factor productivity,PFP)是反映当地土壤基础养分水平和化肥施用量综合效应的重要指标,肥料施用量对化肥偏生产力会产生影响。本文在对云南省11个州/市13个县/市共212个马铃薯种植农户进行的问卷调查基础上,探讨了马铃薯的化肥施用量与化肥偏生产力的关系,并对农户施肥合理性进行了评价。结果表明,云南省马铃薯施氮量为N 30～1 005 kg hm-2,平均285 kg hm-2;施磷量为P2O510.5～735.0 kg hm-2,平均149.1 kg hm-2;施钾量为K2O 7.5～466.5 kg hm-2,平均111.9 kg hm-2。马铃薯化肥偏生产力为82.3 kg kg-1,其中氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾肥(K2O)的偏生产力分别为158.7、278.0和416.3 kg kg-1。施氮、磷、钾量与氮、磷、钾肥PFP之间、化肥总量与总化肥偏生产力之间均呈负幂相关,相关系数分别为0.873﹡﹡、0.872﹡﹡、0.801﹡﹡和0.805﹡﹡。分别以N、P2O5、K2O投入量150～250 kg hm-2、45～90kg hm-2和90～120 kg hm-2作为合理施肥范围,马铃薯合理施氮、磷、钾的农户分别占总调查农户的21.6%、30.7%和10.8%。Partial factor productivity （PFP） of fertilizer is an important index reflecting overall effect of soil fertility level and fertilizer application rate. Hence, fertilizer application rate has some impact on partial factor productivity of the fertilizer. Based on the questionnaire distributed to 212 potato farmers in 13 counties and 11 prefectures of Yunnan during 2008 ～ 2009, relationship between fertilization rate and PFP of the fertilizer in potato production was explored and fertiliza- tion of the farmers was evaluated in rationality. Results indicate that on average, N 285 kg hm-2, p205 149. 1 kg hm-2, and K20 1 l 1.9 kg hm-2 was applied in potato production and in practice fertilization rate varied in the range of N 30 1 005 kg hm-2, p205 10.5 ～ 735.0 kg hm- 2 and K20 7.5 -466.5 kg hm- 2, and the PFP of the fertilizers in potato production was 82.3 kg kg-1, and the PFP of N, P and K fertilizers was 158.7 kg kg-1 , 278.0 kg kg-1 and 416.3 kg kg-1, respectively. The application rate of N, P and K was in negative exponential relationship with their respective PFP, and so was the application rate of the fertilizers in all with the total PFP, with correlation coefficient being O. 873 ＊＊ ,0. 872＊ , 0.801＊ andO. 805＊＊respectively. When the application rate ofN 150-250kghm-2, P205 45-90 kghm-2, and K20 90 - 120 kg hm-5, was set as the rational range of fertilization rate, only 21.6% , 30.7% and 10.8% of the farmers in the survey were termed rational in N, P and K fertilizer application, respectively, in potato production in Yunnan prov- ince.

关 键 词：马铃薯 施肥量 化肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学] S154.36[生物学—普通生物学]