戒烟门诊男性吸烟者成功戒烟的影响因素分析  

Predictors for ‘successful quitting smoking’ among males carried out in a Smoking Cessation Clinic

作　　者：吴蕾[1] 何耀[1] 姜斌[2] 左芳[2] 刘庆辉[3] 张丽[4] 周长喜[3] 刘淼[1] 陈红艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院老年医学研究所流行病学教研室/衰老及相关疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京100853 [2]解放军总医院针灸科,北京100853 [3]解放军总医院呼吸科,北京100853 [4]解放军总医院康复科,北京100853

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2014年第7期792-796,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81373080）;北京市科委项目（Z121107001012070）

摘　　要：目的 分析影响戒烟门诊男性吸烟者成功戒烟的相关因素.方法 由经培训的医生对自愿在戒烟门诊就医的吸烟者进行面对面咨询和心理干预,之后进行1周、1个月、3个月和6个月4次标准化的电话随访干预.6个月随访时主要分析指标为“7天时点戒烟率”和“3个月持续戒烟率”及其相关影响因素.结果 2008年10月至2012年12月共有355人人组,其中255人完成6个月随访.符合方案样本（n=255）的“7天时点戒烟率”和“3个月持续戒烟率”分别为34.9％和25.5％,而意向性分析样本（n=355）则分别为25.1％和18.3％.logistic多元分析结果显示,戒烟成功与首诊呼气一氧化碳测试水平低、戒烟信心自评分高、买烟费用低、伴有医生诊断的烟草相关慢性病呈正相关.戒烟失败的主要原因是无法克服烟瘾、需要用吸烟缓解工作压力、受到身边其他吸烟者的影响,以及缺乏戒烟的心理准备和毅力等.结论 吸烟量较少、戒烟自信心强、患有烟草相关慢性病的男性吸烟者较易成功戒烟,应为吸烟者提供定期的随访干预服务,增强其戒烟动机和创造良好的戒烟环境.Objective To investigate the predictors for ‘quitting’ among male smokers in a smoking cessation clinic.Methods The target population consisted of smokers who volunteered to seek treatment for cessation at our clinic in Beijing.Smokers received face-to-face counseling and psychological intervention at the first visit by trained physicians and standardized telephone discussion,was carried out with counselors at 1 week,1/3/6 months a follow-up study.The main outcomes would involve ‘successful quitting’ at the 7-day point,continuous quit rates at 3 and 6 months as well as the predictors of ‘quitting’.Results From October 2008 to December 2012,we collected 355 eligible male smokers among whom 255 had completed the 6-month follow-up program.Results from the analysis （n=255） showed that the quitting rates at the 7-day point and 3 months were 34.9％ and 25.5％,while the rates were 25.1％ and 18.3％ among the 355 smokers who had the intention for treatment.Data from the stepwise logistic regression model analysis showed that lower exhaled CO level at the first visit,higher perceived confidence in quitting,lower expenditure on cigarettes and had diagnosed tobacco-related chronic diseases by physicians,were important predictors for quitting smoking.The main reasons of failure to quit were addiction of tobacco cigarette,craving for cigarettes to relieve pressure from work,peer influence from other smokers,lack of mental preparation and perseverance to quit,etc.Conclusion Smokers who smoked less cigarettes,had higher perceived confidence in quitting and had physician-diagnosed tobacco-related chronic diseases seemed easier to quit.Regular follow-up intervention services for smokers should be established to enhance the motivation for quitting so as to create a favorable environment for the smokers.

关 键 词：吸烟者 男性 戒烟影响因素 心理咨询 电话干预 

分 类 号：R749.6[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]