荔枝雌蕊柱头可授性研究  

Studies on stigma receptivity of litchi

作　　者：王丽敏[1] 陈洁珍[1] 欧良喜[1] 蔡长河[1] 付丹文[1] 张春阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第3期619-622,共4页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家荔枝产业技术体系资源评价科学家岗位项目(nycytx-32);农作物种质资源保护项目(NB2013-2130135-13);热带作物种质资源保护项目(13RZZY-05)

摘　　要：为探讨荔枝雌蕊不同发育状态及盛开不同时间的柱头可授性,以安良、桂味荔枝为试材,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法及荧光显微镜检测雌蕊柱头的可授性,并观察了荔枝花粉在柱头的萌发过程。结果表明可以通过柱头的表观形态来判断可授状态。以花柱开裂程度判断,当花柱开裂夹角为45°-90°时,部分柱头已经具有可授性；当花柱完全打开,开裂角度为120°~180°时,处于最佳可授状态。以柱头颜色判断,当雌花完全盛开后,柱头颜色为白色时处于最佳可授状态,微变褐时仍处于可授状态,但当柱头全变褐时则不具可授性。雌花柱头可授状态可维持至少3 d。荔枝雌花授粉后2 h花粉在柱头上萌发,6 h花粉管逐步向花柱伸长,12 h花粉管到达花柱中部,24 h花粉管到达子房上部。The stigma receptivity at different development periods was studied on Anliang and Geiwei litchi, and pol-len germination on stigma was observed. The apparence of stigma can be used to detect stigma receptivity. Part of stigma was receptive with the litchi style cracking angle of 45°-90°, and the stigma had the best receptivity with the style cracking angle of 120°-180°. When the female flowers was in full blossom and the stigma color was white, the stigma was in the op-timal pollination period;Light brown stigma was receptive, but totally brown stigma was unreceptive. The stigma receptivity lasted for at least 3 d. The pollen germinated on stigma 2 h after pollination, the pollen tube gradually elongated into the style 6 hours after pollination, reaching the middle of style 12 h after pollination, and the upper ovary 24 h after pollina-tion.

关 键 词：荔枝 柱头 可授性 花粉萌发 LITCHI ( LITCHI CHINENSIS Sonn ) 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]