玉/豆和玉/薯模式下土壤氮素养分积累差异及氮肥对土壤硝态氮残留的影响  

Soil Nutrient Differences and Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Residual Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil Under Maize/Soybean and Maize/Sweet Potato Relay Strip Intercropping Systems

作　　者：王小春[1] 杨文钰[1] 邓小燕[1] 张群[1] 雍太文[1] 刘卫国[1] 杨峰[1] 毛树明[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院、农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]仁寿县农业局,四川仁寿620500

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2014年第3期197-203,221,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);国家大豆产业技术体系专项(CARS-04-PS19);四川省育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-15-2);四川玉米单季稻大面积均衡增产技术集成研究与示范项目(2012BAD04B13-2)

摘　　要：为探讨西南玉米主要2种套作模式下土壤氮素养分变化规律和植株氮素积累差异以及施氮对土壤剖面硝态氮残留的影响,在四川2个玉米主栽区进行连续4年的大田试验研究。结果表明:大豆带土壤硝态氮含量显著高于甘薯带,而铵态氮积累量则相反;连续3年玉/豆和玉/薯模式定位种植后,玉/豆模式提高土壤中无机氮的含量,而玉/薯模式中无机氮的含量显著降低,连续种植后,玉/豆模式下玉米氮素积累量、氮素利用效率和收获指数均高于玉/薯模式,且玉/豆模式在相对较低的氮处理下氮素积累量达最高。玉/豆模式下土壤硝态氮的积累量高于玉/薯模式,且主要集中在0-60cm土壤中,2个试验点玉/豆模式分别较玉/薯模式平均高9.97%和13.32%;而60-120cm土层中硝态氮的积累量反而较玉/薯低,分别低2.79%和9.22%;随着施氮量的增加土壤中硝态氮的积累量显著增加;种植模式和施氮量对土壤中硝态氮的积累量影响交互作用显著,玉/豆模式在低氮处理下土壤表层硝态氮的积累量显著高于玉/薯模式,高氮处理下二者差异不大。80-100cm和100-120cm土层中,玉/豆模式下硝态氮的分布量小于玉/薯。这说明玉/薯模式硝态氮淋溶损失大于玉/豆模式。This four-year field experiment integrated maize/soybean and maize/sweet potato relay strip intercropping systems to assess soil nutrient differences and effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrate accumulation in the profile under various application of N fertilizers. It demonstrated that nitrate nitrogen accumulated in soybean grown soil was significantly higher than that in sweet potato grown soil. Results were opposite for the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen. By field located experiment of maize/soybean and maize/sweet potato relay strip intercropping for successive 3 years, there was a significantly higher inorganic nitrogen accumulation in maize/soybean intercropping system and a significant decreasing in maize/sweet potato intercropping system. Furthermore, N concentration, N use efficiency and N harvest index of maize intercropped with soybean were significantly higher than that intercropped with sweet potato. For maize/ soybean relay strip intercropping system in Shehong and Ya＇ an, nitrate nitrogen that accumulated mainly in 0--60 cm soil layer were higher（9.97% and 13.32%, respectively） than that in maize/sweet potato relay strip intercropping system. However, nitrate nitrogen concentrated in 60-120 cm soil layer under maize/ soybean relay strip intercropping in Shehong and Ya＇ an were 2. 79%/4 and 9. 22% lower than that under maize/sweet potato intercropping respectively. Nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil profile increased with the increase of N fertilizer application rate. Results showed a significant interactive effect between plantingpatterns and N application rate on nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil. Nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil profile under maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system was significantly higher than that under maize/ sweet potato intercropping in low nitrogen application level but no significance in high nitrogen level. Nitrate nitrogen concentration in 80--100 cm and 100--120 cm layers under maize/soybean intercropping was lower than that under m

关 键 词：玉豆(薯)套作 玉米 施氮量 土壤养分 硝态氮积累与分布 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S158.2