林业适应气候变化国家战略纳入国家安全框架--从公共财政政策框架改良的视角  

Integrating the Forestry Climate Adaptation Strategy into National Security Framework——From a Perspective of Reform Design of Public Finance Framework

作　　者：曾以禹[1] 吴柏海[1] 赵金成[1] 张多 贺祥瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局经济发展研究中心气候变化与生态经济研究室,北京100714

出　　处：《林业经济》2014年第7期14-19,共6页Forestry Economics

摘　　要：根据气候变化公共产品理论,比较了2013年中国《国家适应气候变化战略》与美国、欧盟适应战略的林业内容,评估了我国与美、欧林业适应战略纳入国家安全的背景条件和战略异同,并重点分析了支持林业适应气候变化的现行财政政策框架。认为,我国基于林业适应战略与林业脆弱性、生态系统自我恢复弹性、国家安全的相互关系,科学识别需要林业提供的适应气候变化公共产品范围的决策机制还不完善。现有林业适应战略,对人工工程干预帮助生态系统自适应的角度考虑较多,对生态系统自适应的连通性、农村发展等考虑较少,且缺乏对人工干预系统方面须公共财政介入的领域进行分析。基于我国公共财政改革的三条考察标志,即财政目标、决策机制和分配机制,提出我国公共财政在支持林业适应气候变化促进国家安全方面,存在公共产品提供缺位现象,同时也具备了财政改良设计的形势需要和转变条件。建议增设林业适应气候变化专项资金,支持水安全的绿色设施、生态安全的绿色生态连通网和湿地、海岸蓝色生态连通网,粮食安全的混农林业、森林食物产业结构、农村发展,提升战略高度、加强支持力度。This paper makes a comparison between ＂the national climate adaptation strategy of china＂ and the United States, Europe climate change adaptation strategies on forestry, and analyzes the current situation of financial support for forestry to adapt to climate change. According to public goods supply theory and a analysis on backgroundconditions difference and strengths and weaknesses of the above countries＇ integrating forestry adaptation strategiesinto national security, the paper points out that china＇ s decision-making mechanism to identify public goods supplyrange on forestry adaptation to climate change is imperfect, on the basis of a clear understanding of the relationshipbetween forestry climate adaptation strategies, forestry vulnerability, ecosystem restoration resilience and national se-curity. The current forestry adaptation strategies give too much attention to human engineering intervention to helpthe ecosystem, but give less attention to ecosystem connectivity, rural development and other considerations. On thebasis of the three main logical clues of public finance reform, namely financial goals, decision-making mechanismand distribution mechanisms, the paper thinks that there is the absence of the phenomenon to provide public goodsfor forestry adaptation climate to promote national security. The paper proposes that public finance makes the creation of a special fund for forestry to adapt climate change, to provide green facilities for water security, to buildgreen eco network and wetlands, coastal blue eco network for ecological security, and to develop agroforestry, forestfood industry structure, and rural development to support food security.

关 键 词：林业适应气候变化国家战略 国家安全框架 公共财政政策框架 改良 

分 类 号：F326.2[经济管理—产业经济] X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]