湿地植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)的重金属富集能力与评价  

Accumulation capacity of heavy metals by Phragmites australis and assessment

作　　者：赵善道[1,2] 赵雪琴[2] 左平[1,2] 邹欣庆[1,2] 杜进进 

机构地区：[1]南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023 [3]江苏盐城国家级自然保护区,江苏盐城224333

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2014年第1期60-65,共6页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家海洋局公益项目(201005006)

摘　　要：以江苏盐城海岸带的原生湿地植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,检测了Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cd、Cr共8种重金属在其茎叶和根系部分的含量。结果表明,芦苇植物体对重金属的生物富集能力各异,其根系对Hg和Cr的富集能力较大,其茎叶则表现为对Hg的富集能力较大;芦苇植物体对于8种重金属的转运系数均小于1,其中转运系数最大的是Cd,达到0.88。基于国家药用植物行业标准《中华人民共和国外经贸行业标准药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》,评价了该湿地植物芦苇的入药情况。结果表明,该湿地芦苇不符合药用植物入药标准。芦苇滩土壤中,Cd和Cu含量超出了土壤环境质量标准的要求,存在一定程度的Cd和Cu污染。因此,就目前芦苇开发利用状况而言,收割芦苇的行为有利于高效、经济地从湿地中转移出各种重金属污染物。芦苇可以作为受污染滨海湿地生态系统的修复植被,利用其高生产力,通过秸秆收割来达到净化湿地环境的效果。Determining the contents of mercury,arsenic,copper,zinc,lead,nickel,cadmium and chromium in roots, stems and leaves of Phragmites australis,which is an original wetland plant of Yancheng National Nature Reserve. The experimental result proves that the root tissue could concentrate more mercury and chromium,while the stem and leaf tissues are only easier to concentrate mercury. Translocation factors of these eight kinds of heavy metals in Phragmites australis are less than 1,the highest of which is 0. 88 for cadmium. Based on national medical standard,the paper also assesses the medical use of Phragmites australis. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil exceed the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils,existing a certain cadmium and copper pollution. Considering the utilization of Phragmites australis,harvesting can help to transfer heavy metals out from wetland ecosystem efficiently and economically. Because of high productivity in coastal wetland,harvest Phragmites australis could be a phytoremediation for polluted coastal wetland ecosystem,achieving the purification of wetland environment.

关 键 词：芦苇 重金属 生物富集系数 转运系数 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]