能源体制改革:有效的市场,有为的政府  

Reform of Energy Regime: Efficient Market and Pro-active Government

作　　者：王敏[1] 徐晋涛[1] 黄卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国家发展研究院

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2014年第4期37-53,5,共17页International Economic Review

摘　　要：中国已经遭遇到经济发展的能源瓶颈。其中尤为突出的是,中国化石能源储量有限,能源供应长期紧张,但能源利用却相当粗放浪费,且高度依赖于煤炭,导致大气污染问题日趋恶化,不断逼近环境容量和民众忍耐的极限。中国能源领域的改革如果能够破除各种形式的行政性垄断,形成充分竞争的市场环境,再由市场形成价格,适时取消竞争性领域的价格管制,政府的外部性管制及时跟进,就能为中国能源发展的长治久安奠定基础,也将为中国未来经济的持续发展提供有力保障。China has encountered the energy bottleneck as its economy continues to expand. Inparticular, despite its limited amount of fossil fuel reserves and sustained tight energy supply,its energy use is highly inefficient and heavily dependent on coal, both of which lead to severeair pollution. The air pollution problem as a result of its inefficient energy use has already beenclose to the limit of environmental absorption capacities and public endurance. This articleshows that China must reform its energy regime in order to lay the groundwork for its futureenergy development and sustainable economic growth. First, China needs to breakadministrative monopoly and establish competitive energy markets. Then the current priceregulation can be revoked by allowing the market to determine energy prices. Finally, thegovernment needs to strengthen regulation to solve the externality problem of air pollution.

关 键 词：行政性垄断 自然垄断 价格管制 能源体制改革 环境污染污 染税 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济] D630[政治法律—政治学]