一个基于对策论的协商模型  

A Negotiation Model That Based Game Theory

作　　者：张虹[1] 邱玉辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南师范大学计算机与信息管理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2001年第2期159-164,共6页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

摘　　要：传统的对策论 ,往往不存在或存在多个Nash平衡点 ,使得要找到使各个Agent都满意的解是非常困难的 .从人类日常生活的角度出发 ,考虑在协商过程中加入可信第三方来处理一些较为困难的对策状况 ,并且引入两种通信行为 :请求保证和提供补偿 ,使得多个Agent在协商过程中寻求共识 ,得到一个折中的 ,稳定的 ,较好的解 ,基本满足各自的赢利 .In multi agent coordination,one would normally like to find a satisfactory solution that is stable,fair and optimal to all agents.According to traditional game theory,Prisomer's dilemma,no or more than one Nash equilibrium games are situations that are difficult to find such a satisfactory solution.In human society,it often involves a trusted third patry in the negotiation process among agents to ensure the cooperation and commitment of agents.The involvement of a trusted third party can not only facilitate the coordination of multi agent but also enhance multi agent cooperation.In this paper ,we describe how the trusted third party can be involved in the negotiation of multi agent coordination to deal with many difficult game situations.We introduce two communication actions into the traditional game theoretical reasoning:asking guarantee and offering compensation for agents to use in negotiation.Asking guarantee from agent and depositing it at the trusted third party can ensure the agents to keep their commitments,while offering compensation can allow finding a fair and compromised solution for all agents.The two communication actions can help the agents not only escape from the prisoner's dilemma but also make a decision in no or multiple Nash equilibrium cases that cannot be solved in traditional game theory without a trusted third party.We present the definitions in conventional game theory,and describe how to recognize an undesirable state and find a desirable one in all possible two by two games.Then,we show how the negotiation communication protocols can be preceeded using these two communication actions to reach a compromised and stable agreement in all different game situations.At last,we make some dicussion and conclusion.

关 键 词：MultiAgnet 对策论 NASH平衡 可信第三方 协商模型 协商过程 

分 类 号：TP182[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]