更新计量基本单位[kg]定义的研究现状  

The Present Situation of Investigation for Update the Definition of Kilogram

作　　者：赵克功[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《计量学报》2001年第2期133-141,共9页Acta Metrologica Sinica

摘　　要：在国际单位制中 ,质量的基本单位 [kg]是以保存在巴黎国际计量局的千克原器定义的。现在 ,各国 [kg]基准的质量以平均每年约 0 .5 μg的增长率在变大 ,这种变化早已超过 [kg]国际比对的精度。从 2 0世纪五十年代开始 ,科学家们对更新 [kg]的定义进行了深入的探索与大量的研究 ,有望于 2 1世纪初将会有所突破 ,得以利用基本物理常数或原子的物理特性来建立量子化的 [kg]新定义。The base unit [kg] in the framework of the international system of units is practically realized by the kilogram prototype maintained in Bureau International des Poides et Measures. The mass of the kilogram prototype has been increased with an average incremental rate of 0.5 μg per annum. Up to now the changed quantities of kilogram prototype is obviously out of the range of the accuracy in the international comparission. Since the 50's in 20th century, the investigation in the wide field were started to update the base unit [kg] and a breakethrough to it will be effects in the beginning of 21st century. The base unit [kg] should be a quantum standard. The new definition of [kg] will be update on the base of the quantum physical constant or atom physical characteristic. In this paper some present investigations and prospects have been briefly presented.

关 键 词：阿伏伽德罗常数 单晶硅晶体 克分子质量 原子量 金原子 磁悬浮实验 计量单位 质量 千克 千克原器 

分 类 号：TB91[一般工业技术—计量学]