上颌前牙单个种植体带角度基桩的三维有限元应力分析  

A3-D finite element stress analysis of angled abutment for a single implant in the anterior maxilla

作　　者：潘灏[1] 陈必胜[1] 姜晓钟[1] 何玉林[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海长征医院口腔科,200003

出　　处：《口腔材料器械杂志》2001年第2期61-63,共3页Chinese Journal of Dental Materials and Devices

摘　　要：目的　单个上前牙缺失的种植修复是种植义齿修复的一种特殊形式 ,但这种种植修复形式需要辅以带角度基桩来弥补植入体长轴与上部修复体长轴的不一致 ,从而造成了其应力分布形式的特殊性。方法　本实验运用三维有限元应力分析方法 ,研究不同角度基桩在相同修复条件下对种植体、周围骨组织应力分布的影响。实验采用美国AIS公司的ALGOR分析软件 ,通过对离体上颌骨标本CT扫描 ,建立一个部分上颌三维有限元模型。在模型的右上中切牙位置植入一枚Branemark种植体 ,上部连接成角度的基桩。在基桩截面上施加一个二维的咬合载荷。同时输入物理参数。在计算机上运行ALGOR软件进行数据计算及处理。结果　三维有限元方法能够比较全面地分析种植义齿结构各部分的应力分布 ;随着基桩角度增大 ,加载后 ,种植体、周围骨组织的应力峰值也随之增加 ,其增加的幅度随基桩角度增大加大 ;加载后 ,应力集中于种植体颈部皮质骨区域 ;最大压应力位于唇侧颈部皮质骨区域 ;最大拉应力位于腭侧颈部皮质骨区域 ;从颈部 1/ 3骨质区至根端方向、种植体、周围骨组织应力集中明显减小。结论　运用成角度基桩修复单个上前牙缺失 ,种植体及周围组织的应力集中于颈部皮质骨区域 ,应力随基桩角度增大而增加 ,故临床应用这种修复形式时 。Objective The maxillary anterior single tooth implant-supported restorations can provide an outstanding service to many patients. The morphology of existing bone in the premaxilla often indicates that implants can only be placed at angles. Preangled abutments have been introduced as a prosthetic option for these situations. This study was to find some biomechanical characters of preangled abutments used in premaxilla implant dentistry.Computed tomography was used to derive the geometry and density values used for an in vitro maxillary model. Methods A three dimensional mathematical model of the part maxilla was developed and finite element method was used to analyze the stresses produced by these preangled abutments system. A 4mm×13mm cylindrical Bmaremark implant was embedded in the right central incisor position paralleled to the angulation of the bone site. All geometic and elastic properties for the fixture and the surrounding bone were included in the model. A simulated two dimensional occlusal load, one of the vertical load 180N along the long axis and the other horizontal load 60N perpendicular to the long axis, was loaded on preangled abutments with 0°、10°、20°and 30°. The mathematical model was solved by a 586 computer and ALGOR software program.Results The results were generated for maximum and minimum stress. Finally, we found that peak compressive stresses occurred in labical cervical zone of the cortical bone; Peak tensile stresses occurred in lingual cervical zone of cortical bone; There was an increase in the magnitude of stress as the abutment angulation increased; and there was a significant decrease of stress from cervical zone to apex zone.Conclusion Maximum stresses were located in the cortial bone and the magnitude of these increased with an increase in the abutment angulation. When an angled abutment was used, the abutment angulation should be decreased to a safe range ensuring the implant success.

关 键 词：有限元 应力分析 上颌骨 成角度基桩 种植体 

分 类 号：R783.3[医药卫生—口腔医学]