俄汉明喻的比较  

Comparison Between Russian and Chinese Similes

作　　者：李兰宜[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学外国语学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2001年第3期106-109,共4页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：明喻是一种形象描绘手段 ,本文从各个角度对俄汉明喻进行比较。从构成来看 ,汉语明喻用“像、好像、如”等比喻词来联结本体和喻体 ,而俄语明喻则由“本体 +喻体 +比喻词” ,“形容词 (副词 )比较级 +名词 (代词 )第二格”或“чем +名词第一格”构成 ;从分类来看 ,俄汉明喻都可分为简式明喻和繁式明喻 ,而汉语还可分为前喻式明喻和后喻式明喻 ,肯定式明喻和否定式明喻 ,常用性明喻和创造性明喻 ;从功能来看 ,俄汉明喻都集美学功能与信息功能于一体。另外 ,使用明喻要恰当 ,不能“过度”。Simile is a kind of imagery description. The paper compares similes in Russian and Chinese from the angles of constitution, classification and function. Constitutionally, the subject and object in a Chinese simile are connected by metaphorical words such as “象、好象、如', while in Russian, the simile is formed as “subject+object+metaphorical word”, “the comparative degree of adjective(adverb)+the second case of noun(pronoun)” or “чем+the first case of noun”. From the viewpoint of classification, both Russian and Chinese similes can be classified into simple similes and complex similes. In addition to this, there are pre-similes and suf-similes, postive similes and negative similes, regular similes and creative similes in Chinese. As for the function, they are both unities of aesthetics and information. At the end of the paper, the author points out that similes should be used where they are proper,but not to be over-used.

关 键 词：俄语 汉语 修辞 明喻 比较研究 构成 分类 功能 

分 类 号：H35[语言文字—俄语]