中国冰川分布的地理特征  

Geographical Characteristics of the Distribution of Glaciers in China

作　　者：王宗太[1] 刘潮海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2001年第3期231-237,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院特别经费支持项目 \冰冻圈动态变化基础研究 (三期 )"资助

摘　　要：中国冰川分布 ,在西北形成了冰水绿州景观 ,在塔里木盆地和雅鲁藏布江周围形成 5个巨大的冰川集结中心 .用“冰川覆盖度”评价 ,干旱山区的高山有较大的冰川发育能力 .“冰川中值”标志的冰川分布高程 ,向青藏高原内部逐渐抬升 .冰川的进退幅度 ,向低能量冰川区减小 .冰川形态类型因地而异 ,分化成“高山型”和“高原型”两大类型组合 .The geographical characteristics of the distribution of glaciers in China are analyzed with a new viewpoint. Based on the viewpoint, Tarim Basin is surrounded by enormous sums of glaciers, which form a special glaciofluvial landscape in the world. Glacier Inventory of China shows that the distribution of glaciers exhibits the behaviour of disequilibrium. There are five maximum glacierized centers in the two large river basins in the west of China. The glacier extent can be assessed by glacier coverage, an intensity parameter. Glacier coverage in the arid mountains of Northwest China is larger than that in the wet mountains of Southeast China. The altitudinal characteristics of the distribution of glaciers can be assessed by the median contour of glacier, which rises towards the inside of the Tibetan Plateau. The range of glacier variation can be assessed by glacial energy, which decreases from the glaciated areas with high energy to the glaciated areas with low energy. According to their behaviour, the glaciers in China can be classified into mountain type and plateau type.

关 键 词：冰川分布 地理特征 冰水绿州景观 冰川覆盖度 冰川中值 有效冰川作用 中国 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]