陕北晋西黄土滑塌灾害的初步研究——以西气东输工程为例  

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON LOESS SLUMPING IN THE AREA BETWEEN NORTHERN SHAANXI AND WESTERN SHANXI──TAKING THE PIPELINE FOR TRANSPORTING GAS FROM WEST TO EAST IN CHINA

作　　者：曲永新[1] 张永双[2] 陈情来 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理所,北京100029 [2]国土资源部地质灾害研究中心,北京100081 [3]中油岩土工程有限公司,北京102800

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2001年第3期233-240,共8页Journal of Engineering Geology

摘　　要：黄土滑塌灾害是黄土高原北部地区的一种特殊斜坡变形破坏类型。由于其突发性和频繁发生的特点 ,常造成大批窑洞、房屋倒塌和人员伤亡 ,并给该区铁路、公路和长输管道建设造成严重危害。由于黄土滑塌灾害具有“滑坡”和“崩塌”两种机制和“先滑后塌”的变形破坏过程 ,以往常把它们作为“滑坡”或“崩塌”来研究。作者通过陕西靖边县至山西蒲县间 30 0km黄土地质灾害的野外调查和室内的微观分析 ,发现黄土滑塌灾害的发生主要受黄土粘粒含量的控制 ,因此在空间上具有鲜明的地域性 :<0 .0 0 5mm粘粒含量 <10 %的砂黄土区是滑塌灾害严重发育区 ;<0 .0 0 5mm粘粒含量在 10 %～ 2 0 %之间的典型黄土区是滑塌灾害弱发育区 ;<0 .0 0 5mm粘粒含量≥ 2 0 %的粘黄土区是滑塌灾害不发育区。作者在黄土滑塌灾害产生机理和形成条件研究的基础上提出了相应的工程对策。The hazard of loess slumping is a special type of slope failure in the northern part of China loess plateau. The paroxysm and high frequency of the slumping always lead to cave-houses and general houses to collapse, people casualties, and seriously damage of railways, highways and long pipelines. The loess slumping is of two mechanisms, landslide and collapse, and a deformation process of 'sliding followed by collapse'. So it was usually treated as landslide or collapse. Based on field investigation and microscopic analysis of the geologic hazard of loess in an area 300km between Jingbian county of Shaanxi Province and Pucian County of Shanxi Province, the authors found that the hazards of loess slumping are controlled by the content of clay, which has obvious regional character: the area with content of clay (<0.005μm ) less than 10%, is called sand-loess area, in which of slumping is most heavy. The area with content of clay between 10% and 20% is called typical loess area in which slumping is weak. The area with content of clay more than 20% is called clay-loess area in which no slumping is developed. On the basis of researching the formation mechanism and conditions for the hazards of loess slumping, the authors suggest corresponding engineering countermeasures.

关 键 词：黄土 滑塌 地域性 粘粒含量 西气东输工程 斜坡 滑坡 崩塌 地质灾害 

分 类 号：P642.21[天文地球—工程地质学] P642.22[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]