幼儿铅负荷来源及其对神经行为影响的研究  

Investigation on Soures of Lead Absorption and Effects of Lead Exposure on Preschool Children's Neurobehavior

作　　者：刘建安[1] 刘德华[2] 静进[1] 易欢琼[1] 王梦龙[1] 陈学彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山医科大学公共卫生学院,广州市510089 [2]山西医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2001年第9期785-786,共2页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的　探讨铅吸收的来源及铅暴露对学龄前儿童的影响。方法　随机整体抽取太原市居民区某幼儿园 2 11名 4～ 6岁幼儿为对照组 ,工业区某幼儿园同年龄组 96名为观察组 ,用火焰和石墨炉原子吸收法 ,测定两幼儿园空气、土壤、饮水、手尘铅含量及幼儿末梢血铅值 ,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)及自拟调查表作问卷调查。结果　观察组空气、土壤、手尘及血铅水平均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,血铅与手尘铅显著正相关 (r =0 3 0 84 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,观察组外向行为得分 ,行为问题发生率均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。多元逐步回归分析表明 :不良的卫生习惯是影响血铅水平的首要因素 ,手—口接触是铅进入机体主要途径 ,血铅值进入攻击、多动、违纪的回归方程。结论　不良的卫生习惯直接影响幼儿铅负荷水平 ,铅暴露对外向行为产生负性影响。Objective To investigate of soures of lead absorption and the effects of lead exposure on preschool children's behavior.Methods Environmental specimens,such as air,soil and drinking water,as well as hand dust and blood samples were collected and measured for their lead levels in town kindergartens,behavior problems of 307 preschool children aged 4-6 years were investigated with Achenbach child Behavior checklist(CBCL),the relationships were analyzed among the specimens lead contents,blood lead levels and behavior,pearson correlation and multiple regression were performed by SPSS/pc+soft.Results The lead contents of air,soil,hand dust and blood lead levels in research group were much significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),hand dust lead contents were signincantly correlated positively with blood levels(r=0.308 4,P<0.05).Most of lead was uptaken from the soil by finger-mouth contact.;Ext scores of CBCL and the incidence rate of problem in research group were much significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),Bpb correlated in positive to the scores for Hyperactivity,Disabedience and Attack even if adjusted for the potential confounding factors.Conclusion It was obvious that lead exposure could cause adverse effects on preshool children's neurobehavior in TaiYuan city.

关 键 词：幼儿 血铅 神经行为 铅吸收 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R995[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]