企业:生产成本与交易成本的统一  

作　　者：周文豪[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,西安710061

出　　处：《财经科学》2001年第5期6-9,共4页Finance & Economics

摘　　要：对企业的探讨和研究是经济学的至关重要的问题。新古典经济学把企业看成是生产要素的组合或者一个生产函数 ,但没有注意到这一事实 :企业的运作还需要交易成本 ,并且交易成本对产出具有重要作用。新制度经济学探讨的主要层面是企业的成因 ,却没有深入考察企业的结合 (即生产成本 ) ,而生产成本内生于专业化分工的收益。因此 ,交易成本和生产成本是统一的 ,其统一的内在逻辑是 :当企业的生产达到静态均衡时 ,作为企业的共同成本 ,交易成本的边际产出率 (MPTC) ,与生产成本的边际产出率(MPPC)相等 ,即MPTC =MPPC。The research on enterprise is very important in economics. According to neo-classical economics, enterprise has been regarded as a combination of production factors or a production function.However, an important fact has been neglected: in the operation of enterprise,transaction cost is always necessary, furthermore, transaction cost is very important to the output of production. While in neo-institutional economics, the main field of discussion is the reasons of the formation of enterprise. However, the characteristics of the interior operation of enterprise have not been studied deeply, nor has the production nature of transaction cost. In this article, the author thinks that transaction cost originates from the revenue of specialization of labor. Therefore, transaction cost and production cost together are integrated. The interior logic of the integrity is: when production reaches a static equilibrium,as the cost of the enterprise, the marginal production ratio of the transaction cost (MPTC) and the marginal production ratio of the production cost (MPPC) are equal.

关 键 词：企业 交易成本 生产成本 边际产出率 

分 类 号：F275[经济管理—企业管理]