论物理测量中的直接有效数字和间接有效数字  

Discussion on directly effective numbers and indirectly effective numbers in physical measurement

作　　者：程令孝[1] 缪兴中[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业学院应用数理系,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《郑州轻工业学院学报》2001年第3期69-72,共4页Journal of Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry（Natural Science）

摘　　要：为解决用放大法进行物理测量时有效数字可能出现的概念上的矛盾和问题 ,提出了将有效数字分为直接有效数字与间接有效数字的概念 .直接有效数字与间接有效数字概念的明确提出 ,可在不改变有效数字定义与运算规则的前提下 ,协调有效数字与仪器误差和测量误差的基本关系 ,维护有效数字理论的完整性和统一性 ;两类有效数字的概念在放大法中的应用 ,为放大法降低测量误差 ,增加直接有效数字位数的特点提供了理论依据 ;此外 ,两类有效数字在放大法中的合理转换 ,不仅能改进测量手段 ,提高实验质量 ,而且体现了物理实验的独特思维方式 .由此可以看出 ,直接有效数字与间接有效数字的提出及相应规则的建立 ,能充分发挥有效数字在物理实验与数据处理中的作用 ,完善、丰富和发展有效数字的理论体系 .In order to solve the contradiction and problems caused by the definition of effective numbers when applying the amplifying method to physical measurement,a new standpoint is put forward,catagorizing effective numbers into directly effective numbers and indirectly effective numbers.The classification of directly effective numbers and indirectly effective numbers can coordinate the essential relation of effective numbers and errors from instruments and measurement,maintain the completeness and unification of the theory of effective figures.The application of the two concepts into the amplifying method provides theoretical support to decrease measurement errors by using the amplifying method and increase the order of units of directly effective numbers.Besides,the reasonable transformation of the two kinds of effective numbers in the amplifying method not can only improve the measurement methods and increase the quality of experiments but embody the original reasoning way in physical experiments.Therefore,with the establishment of the two concepts of directly effective numbers and indirectly effective numbers and the rules concerned,the role of effective numbers in the physical measurement and data handling can be fully played and the theoretical system of effective numbers is improved,enriched and developed.

关 键 词：直接有效数字 间接有效数字 放大法 物理测量 

分 类 号：O4－34[理学—物理]