生物多样性资源:利用、保护与管理  

Biodiversity resources: utilization, conservation and management

作　　者：吕一河[1] 陈利顶[1] 傅伯杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态开放研究实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生物多样性》2001年第4期422-429,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划 ( 973)项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 46 80 7);中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (编号 :KZCX2 40 5 )

摘　　要：生物多样性在本质上是一种具有多重价值 ,高度综合的资源形式 ,是人类社会生存与发展的物质基础。在人类社会发展过程中 ,生物多样性资源利用与保护之间日益表现为彼此冲突的特征 ,但并非不可调和。本文认为 ,协调二者关系 ,实现生物多样性资源可持续利用和区域社会经济可持续发展的根本途径是生物多样性资源管理。它由主体层、客体层和目标层构成 ,应该具备主体多元化、参与的广泛性、过程的动态性与持续性、尺度性与地域性和公平性等基本特征。主体层是由以人为核心的各种组织形式构成的 ,是从社会经济系统中分化出来的一个职能层次 ;客体层也就是管理的对象层 ,是生物多样性资源系统和社会经济系统的耦合体 ;目标层包括生物多样性资源的可持续利用、生态文明的构建与发展和区域社会经济的可持续发展 ,生态文明是生物多样性资源可持续利用和区域社会经济可持续发展的根本保障。其中 ,主体层和客体层构成了生物多样性资源管理的实体部分 ,而目标层则是生物多样性资源管理的参照体系。生物多样性资源管理包括管理范围界定 ,问题辨识 ,目标确定 ,政策制定与方案运筹 ,实施、监测与评价 ,适应性调整 6个基本步骤 ,是一个复杂的多层次动态反馈过程。这一过程中 ,科学研究发挥着非常重要的作用 ,因此应该在?Biodiversity is, in nature, a kind of highly comprehensive and multi valued resource on which human society depends for survival and development. The conservation and utilization of biodiversity resources often conflict against each other during the development of human society, but can be harmonized. The management of biodiversity resources is the fundamental approach to keep the two issues of realizing sustainable utilization of biodiversity resources and the sustainable development of regional social economy in harmony. Management, composed of subject layer, object layer and target layer, is a complex, hierarchical and dynamic feedback process with six basic steps, which should have features in the diversity of subject components, universality of participation, dynamic and persistence of the process, differentiation according to scale and region, and equity. The subject layer, made of various groups of people, is a functional layer derives from socio economic system. The object layer, the focus of management, is the coupling of biodiversity resources system and socio economic system. The target layer comprises the sustainable utilization of biodiversity resources, the establishment and development of eco civilization and the sustainable development of regional socio economy. Eco civilization is the very guarantee of the other two. The subject layer and object layer are entitative components of the management, and the target layer is the frame of reference. The six basic steps are area define, problem recognition, object establishment, policy making and planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and adaptation. Scientific researches play important roles in the management process. Therefore, it is urgent to fill the gaps between science and management to transform scientific fruits into effective management activities during the intensification of biodiversity research.

关 键 词：生物多样性资源 利用 资源管理 资源保护 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q16[生物学—普通生物学]