微生物法生产丙烯酰胺的生物催化剂——腈水合酶研究进展  

ADVANCES OF NITRILE HYDRATASE USED IN BIOCONVERSION FOR ACRYLAMIDE

作　　者：刘铭[1] 焦鹏[1] 曹竹安[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学工程系生物化工研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《化工学报》2001年第10期847-852,共6页CIESC Journal

摘　　要：回顾了近年来国内外在微生物法生产丙烯酰胺的生物催化剂腈水合酶的结构、催化机理、光活性、热稳定性等方面的研究进展 .腈水合酶的活性部位含有螯合的金属离子作为辅助因子 ;结合金属离子的活性中心在腈水合酶的催化反应中起着重要的作用 ;其中铁型腈水合酶具有光活性 ,其活性是通过NO调节的 :在非活性腈水合酶的铁中心上连有一个内生的NO分子 ,在光的作用下 ,NO释放出来 ,使酶的活性恢复 .进一步探讨了温度对不同菌株酶活稳定性以及氨基化合物等因素对酶活性的影响 。Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is the biocatalyst which has been used in industrial bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide using microorganisms.Recent advances in the studies on structure,mechanism,photoreactivity,thermostability,etc.about NHases are reviewed.NHases contain metallic ions,which act as accessory factors in the active sites.The metal-binding sites play a crucial role in the enzymatic reaction.The photoactivation mechanism of Fe-type NHases is clarified.An endogenous NO is bound to the non-heme iron in the inactive NHase and its photodissociation activates the enzyme.From a practical point of view, the Nhases previously reported are still unsatisfactory catalysts because of their relatively low thermostability and the availability of some thermostable Nhases will help to reduce the inactivation of the enzyme.It is also clarified that amide compounds are essential for subunit assembly to yield active NHases.Some other factors are also discussed in this paper.Some perspectives on future research of NHase are presented.

关 键 词：微生物法 丙烯酰胺 腈水合酶 生物催化剂 生产工艺 反应机理 结构 酶活性 

分 类 号：TQ226.3[化学工程—有机化工] Q559[生物学—生物化学]