北黄海菲律宾蛤仔帕金虫流行病害的研究  

PREVALENCE OF PERKINSUS SP. IN THE MANILA CLAM RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM ALONG NORTHERN COAST OF YELLOW SEA IN CHINA

作　　者：梁玉波[1] 张喜昌[1] 王立俊[1] 杨波[1] 张映[1] 蔡春雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋环境保护研究所,大连116023

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2001年第5期502-511,共10页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 3 0 0 70 1 2 4号 ;国家重点基础发展规划研究项目 G1 9990 1 2 0 0 0号 ;国家海洋局青年基金资助项目 9960 1号 ;中国科学院实验海洋生物学开放实验室资助项目 0 0 1 2 1 7G号 ;大连市科委资助项目 ;97-1 1号

摘　　要：20 0 0年 7— 1 1月 ,对我国北黄海沿岸滩涂增养殖的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapesphilippinarum大规模死亡进行了研究 ,并对病害暴发与温度、盐度的相关性进行了探讨。利用FTM培养和组织切片方法对病害流行海域的菲律宾蛤仔进行了检测。结果表明 ,蛤仔体内寄生了大量病原帕金虫Perkinsussp ,感染率为 2 0 %— 1 0 0 % ,感染强度为 3— 3 5 65 936cell ind或 2—1 670 61 5cell g组织。感染强度与蛤仔大小有关 ,个体越小 ,感染程度越轻。经感染试验 ,进一步确定了帕金虫大量繁殖是引起蛤仔大规模死亡的原因。病害始于 7月下旬 ,止于 1 0月下旬 ;最初暴发于庄河栗子房海域 ,尔后逐渐向东西两侧海域蔓延。病害暴发时机主要受温度影响 ,高于 2 0℃易于暴发帕金虫病害 ;流行范围主要受盐度影响 ,盐度为 2 0— 32海域适宜帕金虫病害的流行。Epizootic mortality of the Manila clams, Ruditapes ph il ippinarum, has been investigated along the northern coast of the Yellow sea in China on July to October 2000, and the disease relativity to temperature and s alinity also been discussed. Perkinsus sp. was detected in the Manila clams from seven sites along the coast. Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) techni que and Choi's 2mol/L NaOH digestion technique were used in detection and quanti fication of Perkinsus sp. Cross-sections of the clams were embedded in paraf fin, sliced to 3μm, and stained with hematoxylene and eosine to o bserve the presence of trophozoites. Perkinsus cells were found mostly in connective tissues of gills, mantle, go nad and digestive gland, they were rarely observed in foot and siphons. The trop hozoites were often enclosed in amorphous granules. Among the infected clams, in fection prevalence was within a range from 20% to 100%. Average infection intens ity at each sampling site varied from 3 to 3 565 936 Perkinsus spores per-in dividual or 2 to 1 670 615 spores gram tissue. The clam's mortality was the high e st in the Shichengdao because the Perkinsus cells in the individual was the m ost. A size-dependent Perkinsus sp. infection was found in the Manila clam c ollected from Donggang and Shichengdao, and the Manila clam's size was the least , the Perkinsus infection intensity was the most slight. The infecting exper iment results indicated that the mortality of the Manila clam was quite relative to the Perkinsus infection intensity, and the Perkinsus sp. was further confirmed to be responsible to the Malina clam's mass mortality along the north ern Yellow sea coast. Temperature and salinity were considered to be major envir onmental parameters limiting spatial distribution and the Perkinsus disease occu rred time, temperature over 20℃ and salinity between 20-32 were suitable for t he disease breakout. This study firstly reports on the spatial distribution, the infection and infection intensity of Perkinsus sp. in mo

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 帕金虫 病害 黄海 温度 盐度 

分 类 号：S944.4[农业科学—水产养殖]