膨润土及其酸化土、碱处理酸化土的X射线衍射特征及扫描电镜下的表面特征分析  

X-RAY DIFFRACTION CHARACTERIZATION OF BENTONITE, ACIDATION BENTONITE AND ALKALIZATION BENTONITE AND SURFACE CHARACTERS UNDER SCANNINGELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)

作　　者：温淑瑶[1] 杨德涌[2] 陈捷[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学资源环境系环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《矿物学报》2001年第3期453-456,共4页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G19990 4360 5 ) ;国家社会科学基金项目 ( 0 0CJY0 10 );北京师范大学青年基金项目

摘　　要：黑山膨润土及其酸化土、碱处理酸化土的X射线衍射数据及放大 4 5 0 0倍和 3 3 0 0 0倍的扫描电镜照片展示了不同浓度硫酸与膨润土作用后膨润土结构的变化及微观形貌的变化。分析表明 :膨润土的主要矿物组分是蒙脱石 ,还有少量方英石和长石 ,膨润土经酸化改性后 ,随着硫酸浓度的增加 ,蒙脱石含量减少 ,结晶程度变差 ,颗粒表面粗糙程度增加。这为研究膨润土的酸化改性机理提供了重要的科学依据。The results of X-ray diffraction experiment on bentonite, acidation bentonite and alkalization bentonite and the scanning electron microscopic images which were enlarged 4 500 times and 33 000 times reflect changes in structure and feature of bentonite after it reacted with sulfuric acids of different concentrations. It is shown that montmorillonite is the major component of bentonite. In addition, there is a small amount of cristobalite and feldspar. After bentonite modification, the higher the sulphuric acid concentration, the less the amount of montmorillonite, the lower the crystallization degree, the more rough (corrosion) the modification bentonite surface. It provides the important scientific basis for acidation modification mechanism.

关 键 词：膨润土 酸化 碱处理 X射线衍射 微观形貌 扫描电镜 改性机理 

分 类 号：P578.94[天文地球—矿物学]