中国北方冬麦区主栽品种醇溶蛋白组成的遗传演变分析  

Analysis of the Genetic Evolution of Gliadin Composition in the Major Wheat Cult ivars Grown in North China

作　　者：郎明林[1] 卢少源[1] 张荣芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学生物技术中心,河北保定071001

出　　处：《作物学报》2001年第6期958-966,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助 (39170 488)

摘　　要：用改良的 p H3.2 A- PAGE技术分析了我国北方冬麦区建国后不同时期的 5 1个主栽品种和 2 1个骨干亲本的醇溶蛋白组成及其遗传演化规律。结果表明 ,供试主栽品种具有丰富的醇溶蛋白变异类型 ,是今后小麦育种的重要物质基础。本实验材料共分离出 72种醇溶蛋白组分 ,供试主栽品种含有其全部组分 ,其单品种谱带数目在 2 1～ 4 1之间 ,品种间各类蛋白组分变异系数在 10 .5 2 %～ 4 1.35 %之间 ,ω、γ、β和 α区分别分离出 30 ,15 ,16,11条醇溶蛋白谱带 ,表明 Gli- 1位点具有更广泛的等位变异 ;不同时期主栽品种的谱带总数呈逐代增加的趋势 ,但表现为 195 0′s～ 1960′s和 1980′s～ 1990′s两个较大的跨度。谱带总体水平的提高 ,弱带和ω区的谱带增加贡献最大 ,谱带染色强度权重值 (WBD)相对变化较小。各年代主体品种逐步以高谱带水平的品种替代低谱带水平的品种 ,从 195 0′s以 型(BN <2 5 )品种占主导地位 ,逐步演化到 1990′s以 型 (BN≥ 35 )品种占主导地位 ;单谱带分析发现 ,对产量性状有利的谱带在品种演变中一般呈增的趋势 ,而对加工品质性状有利的谱带在品种演变中一般呈减的趋势 ,或出现频率很低 ,说明表型选择对醇溶蛋白演变起了相对重要的作用 ,这也解释了我国当前多数推广品种品质欠佳的部?An improved pH3.2 A PAGE method was utilized to analyse the gliadin composition and its genetic evolution of 51 major wheat cultivars, which were extensively c u ltivated in north China from 1950′s to 1990′s, and 21 core parents (includin g 7 Chinese local cultivars and 14 intro duced foreign cultivars). The results were as foll ows: the tested major wheat cultivars have plentiful gliadin variant types, whic h were important material base for wheat breeding. 72 gliadin bands were separat ed and the major cultivars almost contained the total bands, the coefficient o f varation of different gliadin groups of intervarieties was from 10.52% to 41 .35%, 30, 15, 16, 11 gliadin bands were separated in the zone of ω, γ, β and α separately, which showed the loci of Gli 1 possessed more extensive alle lic variation; the total bands number of the major cultivars showed a trend of i ncrease by years, which yet displayed two bigger spans from 1950's to 1960′s and from 1980′s to 1990′s, it had a overall 7.3 bands range of increase from 2 6.4 bands in 1950′s to 33.7 bands in 1990′s. The increase of light bands and b ands of ω zone contributed more to the increase of whole bands level, and the b ands′ WB D value changed little relatively. The introduced foreign cultivars had more ban ds compared with Chinese local cultivars and Chinese improved cultivars of the s ame times. the Chinese local cultivars had the lowest number of bands, which had only an average of 26.3. The principal part of cultivars in different years wer e those high band level substituded for low band level step by step, which progre ssively developed from cultivars of Ⅱ type (BN<25) as the main body in 1950′s t o cultivars of Ⅳ type(BN≥35)as the main body in 1990′s. This indicated that t h e genetic background of the major cultivars in China was greatly improved and en riched; the analysis of single bands discovered that the bands that had positive effect upon agronomic traits generally showed a trend of increase in th

关 键 词：小麦 主栽品种 醇溶蛋白 遗传演变 A-PAGE 中国北方 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]