饲料中添加芽孢杆菌和硒酵母对异育银鲫的生长及抗病力的影响  

Effects of dietary Bacillus sp. and selenoyeast on the growth and disease resistance of allogynogenetic crucian carp

作　　者：华雪铭[1] 周洪琪[1] 邱小琮[1] 刘小刚[1] 曹丹[1] 张登沥[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学渔业学院,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2001年第5期448-453,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海自然科学基金资助项目(编号00ZC14054)

摘　　要：在基础饲料中分别添加０．１％、０２％、０．４％的芽孢杆菌，０．３％、０．６％、１．２％的硒酵母，０．２％＋０．３％。０．２％＋０．６％、０．２％＋１．２％的芽孢杆菌和硒酵母混合物，投喂异育银鲫２个月。测定鱼体的生长和对病原菌嗜水气单胞菌的抗感染能力──ＬＤ５０。结果表明，添加不同浓度的芽孢杆菌对体重的增加有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中添加０．２％的芽孢杆菌组相对增重率比对照组增加３３％。添加不同浓度的硒酵母均可不同程度地促进异育银鲫的生长（Ｐ＜０．０５），其相对增重率比对照组增加１６％－３１％。不同配比的芽孢杆菌和硒酵母混合物显著性提高鱼的相对增重率，但增重效果与单一添加芽孢杆菌或硒酵母相似Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲料中单一添加芽孢杆菌或硒酵母可以极显著地提高异育银鲫对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力，添加效果在各芽孢杆菌水平组间无显著差异，随硒酵母添加量的增大而增大（Ｐ＜０．０１），但０．６％组和１．２％组无显著差异。混合添加芽孢杆菌和硒酵母也能极显著增强异育银鲫对嗜水气单胞菌的抗感染能力（Ｐ＜０．０１），但添加效果不及单一芽孢杆菌；与单一硒酵母相比，抗感染能力与硒酵母的添加量有关（Ｐ＜０．０１），添加量增大，抗感染能力?Allogynogenetic crucian carp (average initial weight, 4.2±0. 3g) were fed with basal formulated diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% Bacillus sp., 0.3%, 0.6%,1.2% selenoyeast, 0.2% + 0.3%, 0.2% ÷0.6%,0.2% ± 1.2% Bacillus sp. and selenoyeast complex respectively for two months. Triplicate groups were made for each diet. Data for weight gain and resistance to infection of Aeromonas hydrophila were determined and analysed. The results showed that relative growth rate responded drastically to the dietary Bacillus sp. and selenoyeast levels(P<0.05), which was 33% and 16% -31% higher in the test groups than that of control group. The effect of Bacillus sp. and selenoyeast complex on the growth was similar to that of Bacillus sp. or selenoyeast alone. Disease resistance of tested fish was raised by Bacillus sp. or selenoyeast alone, changed among different selenoyeast levels and was stable among different Bacillus sp. levels compared with the control group. Although Bacillus sp. and selenoyeast complex could enhance disease resistance, the effect was worse than that of Bacillus sp. alone. There was relationship between disease resistance and selenoyeast levels in the Bacillus sp. and selenoyeast complex groups when compared with selenoyeast alone( P <0.01) , and disease resistance was weakened by increased selenoyeast levels.

关 键 词：异育银鲫 生长 抗病力 芽孢杆菌 硒酵母 

分 类 号：S965.117[农业科学—水产养殖] S963.73[农业科学—水产科学]