旱农区秸秆还田秋施肥对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of Autumn Fertilization Combined With Returning Stalks to Field on Corn Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Arid Farming Areas

作　　者：杨治平[1] 周怀平[1] 李红梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2001年第6期49-53,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"八五";"九五"旱地农业科技攻关项目之寿阳旱农试验区专题 ("85 -0 0 7-0 1"和"96-0 0 4-0 4")部分内容

摘　　要：在我国典型半湿润偏旱的山西寿阳试区 ,通过 7年的长期定位试验 ,研究秸秆还田秋施肥对春玉米生长和水分利用的影响。结果表明 :不同方式的秸秆还田结合秋施肥是一项适用于该区的行之有效的技术。该技术的应用可以起到蓄水保墒的功效 ,特别是土壤表土的含水率较春施肥提高了 1.0 9%～ 3 .0 4 % ,从而提高了春玉米的出苗率 ,使得苗齐、苗壮。秸秆还田秋施肥使水分利用效率提高 0 .2 6～ 0 .2 9g/ kg,氮磷肥利用率分别提高 3 .9%～13 .9%和 3 .0 %～ 9.1%。从 5年的产量统计结果看 ,秋施肥和春施肥处理相比较 ,玉米籽粒增产 2 .5 6～ 3 .88t/ hm2 ,增产幅度为 8.10 %～ 13 .4 %。Shanxi Shouyang Experiment Area was situated in typically semi damp and drought areas of North China. A seven year plot experiments were conducted in that area to study the effect of combining autumn fertilizing with returning stalks to field on corn yield and water use efficiency. The results show that it is an effective technique to moisture soil conserve, especially top soil moisture. Compared with spring fertilizing, top soil moisture was increased by 1.09%~3.04%, WUE was increased by 0.26%~0.29%, nitrogen and phosphate use efficiency were raised respectively 3.9%~13.9% and 3.0% ~9.1%. By 5 year yield statistic, the results showed that autumn fertilizing increased 2.56~ 3.88 t/hm 2 in yield, compared with spring fertilizing. The range of increased in yield was 8.01%~13.4%.

关 键 词：秸秆还田秋施肥 春玉米 水分利用效率 旱作农区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S141.4